Map of Monaco | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family first seized temporary control in 1297 and again in 1331 but were not able to permanently secure their holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then the principality's mild climate splendid scenery and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.


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Location: Western Europe bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France near the border with Italy

Geographic coordinates: 43 44 N 7 24 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 2 km²
Rank: 249
Land: 2 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: about three times the size of The Mall in Washington DC

Land boundaries
Total: 4.4 km
Border countries: (1) France 4.4 km

Coastline: 4.1 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 12 nm

Climate: Mediterranean with mild wet winters and hot dry summers

Terrain: hilly rugged rocky

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
Extremes highest point: Mont Agel 140 m

Natural resources: none

Land use
Arable land: 0%
Permanent crops: 0%
Other: 100% (urban area) (2005)

Irrigated land: NA

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: NA

Geography
Note: second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban


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Population: 30,539 (July 2011 est.)
Rank: 215
Growth rate: -0.124% (2011 est.)
Growth rate rank: 207
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Noun: Monegasque or Monacan
Adjective: Monegasque or Monacan

Ethnic groups: French 47% Monegasque 16% Italian 16% other 21%

Languages: French (official) English Italian Monegasque

Religions: Roman Catholic 90% other 10%

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 12.3%
15-64 years: 60.8% (male 9,317/female 9,249)
65 years and over: 26.9% (male 3,640/female 4,562) (2011 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age
Total: 49.4 years
Male: 48.4 years
Female: 50.5 years (2011 est.)

Population growth rate: -0.124% (2011 est.)
Rank: 207

Birth rate: 6.94 births/1000 population (2011 est.)
Rank: 221

Death rate: 8.28 deaths/1000 population (July 2011 est.)
Rank: 91

Net migration rate: 0.1 migrant(s)/1000 population (2011 est.)
Rank: 70

Population distribution

Urbanization
Urban population: 100% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 0.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: NA
International agreements party to: Air Pollution Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea Marine Dumping Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution Wetlands Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.039 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 1.79 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 222
Male: 2.04 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 1.54 deaths/1000 live births (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 89.73 years
Rank: 1
Male: 85.77 years
Female: 93.84 years (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.5 children born/woman (2011 est.)
Rank: 184

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source:

Current health expenditure

Physicians density: 5.81 physicians/1000 population (1995)
Rank: 4

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access:

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: NA
People living with hivaids: NA
Deaths: NA

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures: 1.2% of GDP (2004)
Rank: 162

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 99%
Male: 99%
Female: 99% (2003 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 18 years
Male: 18 years
Female: 17 years (2009)

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
Conventional short form: Monaco
Local long form: Principaute de Monaco
Local short form: Monaco

Government type: constitutional monarchy

Capital
Name: Monaco
Geographic coordinates: 43 44 N 7 25 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington DC during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions: none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government but there are four quarters (quartiers singular - quartier); Fontvieille La Condamine Monaco-Ville Monte-Carlo

Dependent areas

Independence: 1419 (beginning of permanent rule by the House of Grimaldi)

National holiday: National Day (Saint Rainier's Day) 19 November (1857)

Constitution: 17 December 1962; modified 2 April 2002

Legal system: civil law system influenced by French legal tradition

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Prince ALBERT II
Head of government: Minister of State Michel ROGER (since 29 March 2010)
Cabinet: Council of Government under the authority of the monarch
Elections: the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government

Legislative branch: unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system 8 by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
Elections: last held on 3 February 2008 (next to be held in February 2013)
Election results: percent of vote by party - UPM 52.2% REM 40.5% Monaco Together 7.3%; seats by party - UPM 21 REM 3

Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)

Political parties and leaders: Monaco Together; Rally and Issues for Monaco or REM; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM)

International organization participation: CE FAO IAEA ICAO ICC ICRM IFRCS IHO IMO IMSO Interpol IOC IPU ITSO ITU OAS (observer) OIF OPCW OSCE Schengen Convention (de facto member) UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO Union Latina UNWTO UPU WHO WIPO WMO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Gilles NOGHES
In the us chancery: 3,400 International Drive NW Suite 2K-100 Washington DC 20,008
In the us telephone: (202) 234-1530
In the us fax: (202) 244-7,656
In the us consulate general: New York
From the us: the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) under the authority of the US ambassador to France handles routine diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; the colors are those of the ruling House of Grimaldi and have been in use since 1339 making the flag one of the world's oldest national banners
Note: similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red

National symbols

National anthem
Name: 'A Marcia de Muneghu'
Lyricsmusic: Louis NOTARI/Charles ALBRECHT
Note: music adopted 1867 lyrics adopted 1931; although French is much more commonly spoken only the Monegasque lyrics are official; the French version is known as 'Hymne Monegasque' (Monegasque Anthem); the words are generally only sung on official occasions

National heritage


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Economy overview: Monaco bordering France on the Mediterranean coast is a popular resort attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The principality also is a major banking center and has successfully sought to diversify into services and small high-value-added nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. Monaco however is not a tax-free shelter; it charges nearly 20% value-added tax collects stamp duties and companies face a 33% tax on profits unless they can show that three-quarters of profits are generated within the principality. Monaco was formally removed from the OECD's 'grey list' of uncooperative tax jurisdictions in late 2009 but continues to face international pressure to abandon its banking secrecy laws and help combat tax evasion. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors including tobacco the telephone network and the postal service. Living standards are high roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $976.3 million (2006 est.)
Rank: 201
Note: data are in 2010 US dollars

Real gdp growth rate: NA%

Real gdp per capita: $30,000 (2006 est.)
Rank: 45

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 0%
Industry: 4.9%
Services: 95.1% (2005)

Agriculture products: none

Industries: tourism construction small-scale industrial and consumer products

Industrial production growth rate: NA%

Labor force: 44,000
Rank: 190
Note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.)

Unemployment rate: 0% (2005)
Rank: 1

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: NA%

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: NA%
Highest 10: NA%

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $863 million
Expenditures: $920.6 million (2005 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 1.9% (2000)
Rank: 60

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares: $NA

Current account balance

Exports: $716.3 million (2005)
Rank: 161
Note: full customs integration with France which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Imports: $916.1 million (2005)
Rank: 174
Note: full customs integration with France which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $18 billion (2000 est.)
Rank: 78

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Consumption: NA kWh
Imports: NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Main lines in use: 34,100 (2010)
Main lines in use rank: 177
Mobile cellular: 26,300 (2010)
Mobile cellular rank: 204

Telephone system
General assessment: modern automatic telephone system; the country's sole fixed line operator offers a full range of services to residential and business customers
Domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 100%
International: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system

Broadcast media: TV Monte-Carlo (TMC) operates a TV network; Radio Monte-Carlo has both an Italian-language and a French-language network; a few private radio stations operating (2008)

Internet
Country code: .mc
Hosts: 23,621 (2010)
Hosts rank: 104
Users: 23,000 (2009)
Users rank: 189

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports

Heliports: 1 (2010)

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways
Total: 77 km
Rank: 216
Paved: 77 km (2008)

Waterways

Merchant marine
Registered in other countries: 68 (2010)
Rank: 62

Ports and terminals: Monaco


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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs