Map of San Marino | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the European Union although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor Italy.


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Location: Southern Europe an enclave in central Italy

Geographic coordinates: 43 46 N 12 25 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 61 km²
Rank: 228
Land: 61 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: about one third times the size of Washington DC

Land boundaries
Total: 39 km
Border countries: (1) Italy 39 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm sunny summers

Terrain: rugged mountains

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
Extremes highest point: Monte Titano 755 m

Natural resources: building stone

Land use
Arable land: 16.67%
Permanent crops: 0%
Other: 83.33% (2005)

Irrigated land: NA

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: NA

Geography
Note: landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines


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Population: 31,817 (July 2011 est.)
Rank: 213
Growth rate: 1.043% (2011 est.)
Growth rate rank: 113
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Noun: Sammarinese
Adjective: Sammarinese

Ethnic groups: Sammarinese Italian

Languages: Italian

Religions: Roman Catholic

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 16.6%
15-64 years: 65.4% (male 10,076/female 10,734)
65 years and over: 18% (male 2,537/female 3,175) (2011 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age
Total: 42.5 years
Male: 41.7 years
Female: 43.2 years (2011 est.)

Population growth rate: 1.043% (2011 est.)
Rank: 113

Birth rate: 9.02 births/1000 population (2011 est.)
Rank: 209

Death rate: 7.89 deaths/1000 population (July 2011 est.)
Rank: 108

Net migration rate: 9.3 migrant(s)/1000 population (2011 est.)
Rank: 10

Population distribution

Urbanization
Urban population: 94% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands
International agreements party to: Biodiversity Climate Change Desertification Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: Air Pollution

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.095 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.14 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 4.72 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 186
Male: 4.9 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 4.52 deaths/1000 live births (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 83.01 years
Rank: 3
Male: 80.5 years
Female: 85.74 years (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.47 children born/woman (2011 est.)
Rank: 187

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density: 47.35 physicians/1000 population (1990)
Rank: 1

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: NA
People living with hivaids: NA
Deaths: NA

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures: NA

Literacy
Definition: age 10 and over can read and write
Total population: 96%
Male: 97%
Female: 95%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education: NA

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of San Marino
Conventional short form: San Marino
Local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
Local short form: San Marino

Government type: republic

Capital
Name: San Marino
Geographic coordinates: 43 56 N 12 25 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington DC during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities (castelli singular - castello); Acquaviva Borgo Maggiore Chiesanuova Domagnano Faetano Fiorentino Montegiardino San Marino Citta Serravalle

Dependent areas

Independence: 3 September 301

National holiday: Founding of the Republic 3 September (A.D. 301)

Constitution: 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution

Legal system: civil law system with Italian civil law influences

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Gabrielle GATTI and Captain Regent Matteo FIORINI
Head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Antonella MULARONI (since 3 December 2008)
Cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
Elections: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2010 (next to be held in March 2011); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by 2013)
Election results: Giovanni Francesco UGOLINI and Andrea ZAFFERANI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Antonella MULARONI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA
Note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has 10 other members all are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles

Legislative branch: unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
Elections: last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by June 2013)
Election results: percent of vote by party - Pact for San Marino coalition 54.2% (PDCS 31.9% AP 11.5% Freedom List 6.3% San Marino Union of Moderates 4.2%) Reforms and Freedom coalition 45.8% (Party of Socialists and Democrats 32% United Left 8.6% Democrats of the Center 4.9%); seats by party - Pact for San Marino coalition 35 (PDCS 22 AP 7 the Freedom List 4 San Marino Union of Moderates 2) Reforms and Freedom coalition 25 (Party of Socialists and Democrats 18 United Left 5 Democrats of the Center 2)

Judicial branch: Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Political parties and leaders: Christian Democrats or PDCS [Marco GATTI]; Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Democrats of the Center or DdC [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; Freedom List (including NPS and We Sammarinesi) or NS [Gabriele GATTEI]; New Socialist Party or NPS [Augusto CASALI]; Party of Socialists and Democrats or PDS [Paride ANDREOLI]; Popular Alliance or AP [Carlo FRANCIOSI]; Union of Moderates (including National Alliance or ANS [Glauco SANSOVINI] and San Marino Populars or POP [Romeo MORRI and Angela VENTURINI]; United Left or SU [Alessandro ROSSI]

International organization participation: CE FAO IBRD ICAO ICRM IFRCS ILO IMF IMO Interpol IOC IOM (observer) IPU ITU ITUC LAIA (observer) OPCW OSCE Schengen Convention (de facto member) UN UNCTAD UNESCO Union Latina UNWTO UPU WHO WIPO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Paolo RONDELLI
In the us chancery: 888 27th Street NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20,006
In the us telephone: 202-337-2,260
From the us: the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature Mount Titano: Guaita Cesta and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

National symbols: three peaks each displaying a tower

National anthem
Name: 'Inno Nazionale della Repubblica'
Lyricsmusic: none/Federico CONSOLO
Note: adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

National heritage


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Economy overview: San Marino's economy relies heavily on its tourism and banking industries as well as on the manufacture and export of ceramics clothing fabrics furniture paints spirits tiles and wine. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy which supplies much of its food. The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. San Marino has recently faced increased international pressure to improve cooperation with foreign tax authorities and transparency within its own banking sector which generates about one-fifth of the country's tax revenues. Italy's implementation in October 2009 of a tax amnesty to repatriate untaxed funds held abroad has resulted in financial outflows from San Marino to Italy worth more than $4.5 billion. Such outflows combined with a money-laundering scandal at San Marino's largest financial institution and the recent global economic downturn have contributed to a deep recession and growing budget deficit. Industrial production declined sharply in 2010 especially in the textile sector. However San Marino has little national debt and an unemployment rate less than half the size of Italy's. The San Marino government has adopted measures to counter the downturn including subsidized credit to businesses. San Marino also continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU members and international standards. In September 2009 the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully implement global tax standards and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. The future of the country's economy will be heavily influenced by the signing of a financial information exchange agreement with Italy which many Italian investors see as fundamental for their business operations with San Marino.

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $850 million (2004 est.)
Rank: 197

Real gdp growth rate: 4.3% (2007 est.)
Rank: 215

Real gdp per capita: $41,900 (2007)
Rank: 31

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 0.1%
Industry: 39.2%
Services: 60.7% (2009)

Agriculture products: wheat grapes corn olives; cattle pigs horses beef cheese hides

Industries: tourism banking textiles electronics ceramics cement wine

Industrial production growth rate: -4.9% (2009)
Rank: 163

Labor force: 22,950 (June 2010)
Rank: 207
By occupation agriculture: 0.2%
By occupation industry: 36.3%
By occupation services: 63.5% (June 2010 est.)

Unemployment rate: 3.1% (2008)
Rank: 32

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: NA%

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: NA%
Highest 10: NA%

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $882.1 million
Expenditures: $940.4 million (2009)
Surplus or deficit: -3.8% of GDP (2009)
Surplus or deficit rank: 120

Taxes and other revenues: 57.5% of GDP (2009)
Rank: 10

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: -3.5% (2008)
Rank: 95

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate: 5.74% (31 December 2009 est.)
Rank: 153

Stock of narrow money:

Stock of broad money:

Stock of domestic credit: $8.008 billion (31 December 2009)
Rank: 97

Market value of publicly traded shares: $NA

Current account balance

Exports: $4.628 billion (2007)
Rank: 126
Commodities: building stone lime wood chestnuts wheat wine baked goods hides ceramics

Imports: $3.744 billion (2007)
Rank: 151
Commodities: wide variety of consumer manufactures food

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $NA

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Main lines in use: 21,700 (2010)
Main lines in use rank: 189
Mobile cellular: 24,000 (2010)
Mobile cellular rank: 207

Telephone system
General assessment: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system
Domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity 150 telephones per 100 persons
International: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network

Broadcast media: state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 2 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2008)

Internet
Country code: .sm
Hosts: 8,895 (2010)
Hosts rank: 130
Users: 17,000 (2009)
Users rank: 196

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: NA

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation: 16-55 for voluntary service in Voluntary Military Force (2006)

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways
Total: 292 km
Rank: 204
Paved: 292 km (2006)

Waterways

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs