Map of Cambodia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863 and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In April 1975 after a five-year struggle communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution forced hardships or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Some of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders have been tried or are awaiting trial for crimes against humanity by a hybrid UN-Cambodian tribunal supported by international assistance. Elections in July 2003 were relatively peaceful but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. In October 2004 King Norodom SIHANOUK abdicated the throne and his son Prince Norodom SIHAMONI was selected to succeed him. Local elections were held in Cambodia in April 2007 with little of the pre-election violence that preceded prior elections. National elections in July 2008 were relatively peaceful as were commune council elections in June 2012.


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Location: Southeastern Asia bordering the Gulf of Thailand between Thailand Vietnam and Laos

Geographic coordinates: 13 00 N 105 00 E

Map reference

Area
Rank: 90
Land: 176,515 km²
Water: 4,520 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than Oklahoma

Land boundaries
Border countries: (3) Laos 541 km; Thailand 803 km; Vietnam 1228 km

Coastline: 443 km

Maritime claims
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Continental shelf: 200 nm

Climate: tropical; rainy monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation

Terrain: mostly low flat plains; mountains in southwest and north

Elevation
Extremes highest point: Phnum Aoral 1810 m

Natural resources: oil and gas timber gemstones iron ore manganese phosphates hydropower potential

Land use
Permanent crops: 0.86%
Other: 77.05% (2011)

Irrigated land: 3,536 km² (2006)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources: 476.1 km³ (2011)

Natural hazards: monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts

Geography
Note: a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap (Southeast Asia's largest freshwater lake)


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Population: 15,205,539 (July 2013 est.)
Rank: 69
Growth rate: 1.67% (2013 est.)
Growth rate rank: 72

Nationality
Adjective: Cambodian

Ethnic groups: Khmer 90% Vietnamese 5% Chinese 1% other 4%

Languages: Khmer (official) 95% French English

Religions: Buddhist (official) 96.4% Muslim 2.1% other 1.3% unspecified 0.2% (1998 census)

Demographic profile

Age structure
15-24 years: 21.2% (male 1,597,990/female 1,627,161)
25-54 years: 38.2% (male 2,828,752/female 2,985,226)
55-64 years: 4.9% (male 287,073/female 464,991)
65 years and over: 3.9% (male 221,356/female 367,156) (2013 est.)

Dependency ratios
Youth dependency ratio: 48.9 %
Elderly dependency ratio: 8.4 %
Potential support ratio: 11.9 (2013)

Median age
Male: 23 years
Female: 24.4 years (2013 est.)

Population growth rate: 1.67% (2013 est.)
Rank: 72

Birth rate: 24.88 births/1000 population (2013 est.)
Rank: 59

Death rate: 7.88 deaths/1000 population (2013 est.)
Rank: 107

Net migration rate: -0.33 migrant(s)/1000 population (2013 est.)
Rank: 127

Population distribution

Urbanization
Rate of urbanization: 2.13% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: PHNOM PENH (capital) 1.55 million (2011)

Environment
Current issues: illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing
International agreements signed but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.63 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 22.8

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Rank: 37
Male: 59.54 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 45.55 deaths/1000 live births (2013 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Rank: 179
Male: 61.01 years
Female: 65.93 years (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.72 children born/woman (2013 est.)
Rank: 73

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 50.5% (2010/11)

Drinking water source:

Current health expenditure

Physicians density: 0.23 physicians/1000 population (2008)

Hospital bed density: 0.7 beds/1000 population (2011)

Sanitation facility access:

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: 0.5% (2009 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 69
People living with hivaids: 63,000 (2009 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 52
Deaths: 3,100 (2009 est.)
Deaths rank: 45

Major infectious diseases
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea hepatitis A and typhoid fever
Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever Japanese encephalitis and malaria

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 2.1% (2008)
Rank: 183

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 29% (2011)
Rank: 19

Education expenditures: 2.6% of GDP (2010)
Rank: 153

Literacy
Total population: 73.9%
Male: 82.8%
Female: 65.9% (2009 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Male: 11 years
Female: 10 years (2008)

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional short form: Cambodia
Local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation)
Local short form: Kampuchea
Former: Khmer Republic Democratic Kampuchea People's Republic of Kampuchea State of Cambodia

Government type: multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy

Capital
Geographic coordinates: 11 33 N 104 55 E
Time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions

Dependent areas

Independence

National holiday

Constitution

Legal system

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage

Executive branch

Legislative branch

Judicial branch

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation

Diplomatic representation

Flag description

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products

Industries

Industrial production growth rate

Labor force

Unemployment rate

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports

Imports

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates


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Electricity

Coal

Petroleum
Crude oil proven reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2013 es)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 112

Crude oil

Refined petroleum
Products production: 0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Products production rank: 160
Products consumption: 39,350 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Products consumption rank: 109
Products exports: 0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Products exports rank: 159
Products imports: 26,250 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Products imports rank: 96

Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2011 est.)
Production rank: 110
Consumption: 0 m³ (2010 est.)
Consumption rank: 125
Exports: 0 m³ (2011 est.)
Exports rank: 74
Imports: 0 m³ (2011 est.)
Imports rank: 169
Proven reserves: 0 m³ (1 January 2013 es)
Proven reserves rank: 120

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 4.39 million Mt (2011 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 130

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Main lines in use: 584,000 (2012)
Main lines in use rank: 93
Mobile cellular: 19.1 million (2012)
Mobile cellular rank: 53

Telephone system
Domestic: fixed-line connections stand at about 4 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage aided by competition among service providers is increasing rapidly and stands at 92 per 100 persons
International: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) (2011)

Broadcast media: mixture of state-owned joint public-private and privately owned broadcast media; 9 TV broadcast stations with most operating on multiple channels including 1 state-operated station broadcasting from multiple locations 6 stations either jointly operated or privately owned with some broadcasting from several locations and 2 TV relay stations - one relaying a French TV station and the other relaying a Vietnamese TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite systems are available; roughly 50 radio broadcast stations - 1 state-owned broadcaster with multiple stations and a large mixture of public and private broadcasters; several international broadcasters are available (2009)

Internet
Country code: .kh
Hosts: 13,784 (2012)
Hosts rank: 129
Users: 78,500 (2009)
Users rank: 167

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: 2.4% of GDP (2012)
Rank: 59

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation: 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2012)

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 16 (2013)
Rank: 142
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 3
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 2
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 1 (2013)
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 2
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 7
With unpaved runways: 1 (2013)

Heliports: 1 (2013)

Pipelines

Railways
Rank: 101
Narrow gauge: 690 km 1.000-m gauge

Roadways
Rank: 88
Paved: 2,492 km
Unpaved: 37,126 km (2009)

Waterways: 3,700 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2012)
Rank: 29

Merchant marine
Rank: 21
By type: bulk carrier 38 cargo 459 carrier 7 chemical tanker 4 container 4 liquefied gas 1 passenger 1 passenger/cargo 6 petroleum tanker 8 refrigerated cargo 11 roll on/roll off 4 vehicle carrier 1
Foreign owned: 352 (Belgium 1 Canada 2 China 177 Cyprus 4 Egypt 4 Estonia 1 French Polynesia 1 Gabon 1 Greece 2 Hong Kong 10 Indonesia 2 Ireland 1 Japan 1 Lebanon 5 Russia 50 Singapore 3 South Korea 10 Syria 22 Taiwan 1 Turkey 15 UAE 2 UK 1 Ukraine 35 Vietnam 1) (2010)

Ports and terminals
River port: Phnom Penh (Mekong)


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Disputes international: Cambodia is concerned about Laos' extensive upstream dam construction; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary; in 2011 Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear Temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a UN World Heritage site; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; progress on a joint development area with Vietnam is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government military and police; limited methamphetamine production; vulnerable to money laundering due to its ca