Map of Angola | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Angola is still rebuilding its country since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) led by Jonas SAVIMBI followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS pushed through a new constitution in 2010; elections held in 2012 saw him installed as president. Angola assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2015-16 term.


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Location: Southern Africa bordering the South Atlantic Ocean between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

Geographic coordinates: 12 30 S 18 30 E

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 1,246,700 km²
Land: 1,246,700 km²
Water: 0 km²
Rank: 23
Comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Land boundaries
Total: 5,369 km
Border countries: (4) Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,646 km; (of which 225 km; is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province) Republic of the Congo 231 km; Namibia 1427 km; Zambia 1065 km

Coastline: 1600 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool dry season (May to October) and hot rainy season (November to April)

Terrain: narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Extremes highest point: Moca 2,620 m

Natural resources: petroleum diamonds iron ore phosphates copper feldspar gold bauxite uranium

Land use
Agricultural land: 47.3%
Forest: 46.8%
Other: 5.9%

Irrigated land: 855.3 km² (2005)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources: 148 km³ (2011)

Natural hazards: locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

Geography
Note: the province of Cabinda is an exclave separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo


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Population: 19,625,353
Note: preliminary results from Angola's 2014 national census estimate the country's population to be 24.3 million
Rank: 59
Growth rate: 2.78% (2015 est.)
Growth rate rank: 16
Below poverty line: 40.5% (2006 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Angolan
Adjective: Angolan

Ethnic groups: Ovimbundu 37% Kimbundu 25% Bakongo 13% mestico (mixed European and native African) 2% European 1% other 22%

Languages: Portuguese (official) Bantu and other African languages

Religions: indigenous beliefs 47% Roman Catholic 38% Protestant 15% (1998 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 42.95%
15-24 years: 20.65%
25-54 years: 29.46%
55-64 years: 3.98%
65 years and over: 2.96% (2015 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 99.9%
Youth dependency ratio: 95.2%
Elderly dependency ratio: 4.6%
Potential support ratio: 21.6%

Median age
Total: 18 years
Male: 17.8 years
Female: 18.2 years

Population growth rate: 2.78% (2015 est.)
Rank: 16

Birth rate: 38.78 births/1000 population (2015 est.)
Rank: 9

Death rate: 11.49 deaths/1000 population (2015 est.)
Rank: 29

Net migration rate: 0.46 migrant(s)/1000 population (2015 est.)
Rank: 71

Population distribution

Urbanization
Urban population: 44% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 4.97% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: LUANDA (capital) 5.506 million; Huambo 1.269 million (2015)

Environment
Current issues: overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water
International agreements party to: Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Law of the Sea Marine Dumping Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male/female
25-54 years: 1.02 male/female
55-64 years: 0.95 male/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male/female
Total population: 1.02 male/female

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 78.26 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 81.96 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 74.38 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 8

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 55.63 years
Male: 54.49 years
Female: 56.84 years
Rank: 207

Total fertility rate: 5.37 children born/woman (2015 est.)
Rank: 9

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 17.7% (2008/09)

Drinking water source:

Current health expenditure

Physicians density: 0.17 physicians/1000 population (2009)

Hospital bed density: 0.8 beds/1000 population (2005)

Sanitation facility access:

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: 2.41% (2014 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 25
People living with hivaids: 304,400 (2014 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 21
Deaths: 11,770 (2014 est.)
Deaths rank: 20

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea hepatitis A typhoid fever
Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever malaria
Water contact disease: schistosomiasis
Animal contact disease: rabies

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 8.5% (2014)
Rank: 147

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 15.6% (2007)
Rank: 45

Education expenditures: 3.5% of GDP (2010)
Rank: 127

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 71.1%
Male: 82%
Female: 60.7%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 11 years
Male: 14 years
Female: 9 years

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Angola
Conventional short form: Angola
Local long form: Republica de Angola
Local short form: Angola
Former: People's Republic of Angola
Etymology: name derived by the Portuguese from the title 'ngola' held by kings of the Ndongo

Government type: republic; multiparty presidential regime

Capital
Name: Luanda
Geographic coordinates: 8 50 S 13 13 E
Time difference: UTC+1

Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (provincias singular - provincia); Bengo Benguela Bie Cabinda Cunene Huambo Huila Kwando Kubango Kwanza Norte Kwanza Sul Luanda Lunda Norte Lunda Sul Malanje Moxico Namibe Uige Zaire

Dependent areas

Independence: 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

National holiday: Independence Day 11 November (1975)

Constitution: previous 1975 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010 adopted 5 February 2010 (2015)

Legal system: civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS ; Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
Head of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS ; Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
Electionsappointments: president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term ; note - according to the 2010 constitution ballots are cast for parties rather than candidates and the leader of the winning party becomes president
Election results: NA; as leader of the MPLA Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS elected president following legislative elections on 31 August 2012 inaugurated on 26 September 2012 to serve the first of a possible two terms under the 2010 constitution

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional
Elections: last held on 31 August 2012
Election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 71.8% UNITA 18.7% CASA-CE 6.0% PRS 1.7% FNLA 1.1% other 0.7%; seats by party - MPLA 175 UNITA 32 CASA-CE 8 PRS 3 FNLA 2

Judicial branch
Highest court: Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council an 18-member body presided over by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president 4 elected by National Assembly 2 elected by Supreme National Council 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms
Subordinate courts: provincial and municipal courts

Political parties and leaders:

International organization participation: ACP AfDB AU CEMAC CPLP FAO G-77 IAEA IBRD ICAO ICRM IDA IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF IMO Interpol IOC IOM IPU ISO (correspondent) ITSO ITU ITUC (NGOs) MIGA NAM OAS (observer) OPEC SADC UN UN Security Council (temporary) UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO Union Latina UNWTO UPU WCO WFTU (NGOs) WHO WIPO WMO WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Agostinho Tavares da Silva NETO
In the us chancery: 2,100-2,108 16th Street NW Washington DC 20,009
In the us telephone: [1] 785-1156
In the us FAX: [1] 822-9,049
In the us consulate general: Houston New York
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Helen Meagher LA LIME
From the us embassy: number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne Luanda
From the us mailing address: international mail: Caixa Postal 6,468 Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda US Department of State 2,550 Luanda Place Washington DC 20,521-2,550
From the us telephone: [244] 946,440,977
From the us FAX: [244] 64-1000

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty black the African continent the symbols characterize workers and peasants

National symbols: Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope); national colors: red black yellow

National anthem
Name: 'Angola Avante'
Lyrics and music: Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO
Note: adopted 1975

National heritage


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Economy overview: Angola's economy is overwhelmingly driven by its oil sector. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 50% of GDP more than 70% of government revenue and more than 90% of the country's exports. Diamonds contribute an additional 5% to exports. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Some of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. However the government since 2005 has used billions of dollars in credit lines from China Brazil Portugal Germany Spain and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside and as a result the national military international partners and private Angolan firms all continue to remove them. The global recession that started in 2008 stalled economic growth. In particular lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global recession slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009 and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009. Angola formally abandoned its currency peg in 2009 and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to less than 9% in 2014. Falling oil prices and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects for 2015. Angola has responded by reducing government subsidies and by proposing import quotas and a more restrictive licensing regime. Corruption especially in the extractive sectors is a major long-term challenge.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Note: data are in 2014 US dollars
Rank: 65

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 57

Real gdp per capita:
Note: data are in 2014 US dollars
Rank: 152

Gross national saving:
Rank: 131

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 50%
Government consumption: 20.7%
Investment in fixed capital: 14.7%
Investment in inventories: -1.9%
Exports of goods and services: 58.5%
Imports of goods and services: -42%: (2014 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 10.2%
Industry: 61.4%
Services: 28.4%

Agriculture products: bananas sugarcane coffee sisal corn cotton cassava (manioc tapioca) tobacco vegetables plantains; livestock; forest products; fish

Industries: petroleum; diamonds iron ore phosphates feldspar bauxite uranium and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing brewing tobacco products sugar; textiles; ship repair

Industrial production growth rate: 5.8% (2014 est.)
Rank: 36

Labor force: 10.18 million (2014 est.)
Rank: 52
By occupation agriculture: 85%
By occupation industry and services: 15%

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: 40.5% (2006 est.)

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 0.6%
Highest 10: 44.7%

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $47.09 billion
Expenditures: $55.8 billion
Surplus or deficit: -6.7% of GDP (2014 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 191

Taxes and other revenues: 36.4% of GDP (2014 est.)
Rank: 59

Public debt:
Rank: 119

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices:
Rank: 196

Central bank discount rate:
Rank: 32

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Rank: 28

Stock of narrow money:
Rank: 64

Stock of broad money:
Rank: 67

Stock of domestic credit:
Rank: 81

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance:
Rank: 144

Exports:
Rank: 55
Commodities: crude oil diamonds refined petroleum products coffee sisal fish and fish products timber cotton
Partners: China 48.1% US 8.9% India 8.8% Spain 5.6% (2014)

Imports:
Rank: 67
Commodities: machinery and electrical equipment vehicles and spare parts; medicines food textiles military goods
Partners: China 23.7% Portugal 16.3% US 8.1% South Korea 7.1% Brazil 5% South Africa 4.2% France 4.1% (2014)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Rank: 59

Debt external:
Rank: 74

Stock of direct foreign investment at home:
Rank: 89

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad:
Rank: 52

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Production: 5.475 billion kWh (2012 est.)
Production rank: 117
Consumption: 4.842 billion kWh (2012 est.)
Consumption rank: 118
Exports: 0 kWh (2013 est.)
Exports rank: 100
Imports: 0 kWh (2013 est.)
Imports rank: 116
Installed generating capacity: 1.53 million kW (2012 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 118
Generation sources fossil fuels: 50.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 150
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 42
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 49.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 49
Generation sources other renewable sources: 0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 153

Coal

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 1.742 million bbl/day (2014 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 14
Crude oil exports: 1.815 million bbl/day (2012 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 8
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 156
Crude oil proven reserves: 9.011 billion bbl (1 January 2015 est.)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 18

Crude oil

Refined petroleum
Products production: 40,010 bbl/day (2012 est.)
Products production rank: 84
Products consumption: 112,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Products consumption rank: 75
Products exports: 21,740 bbl/day (2012 est.)
Products exports rank: 71
Products imports: 75,790 bbl/day (2012 est.)
Products imports rank: 59

Natural gas
Production: 925 million m³ (2013 est.)
Production rank: 66
Consumption: 495 million m³ (2013 est.)
Consumption rank: 98
Exports: 0 m³ (2012 est.)
Exports rank: 56
Imports: 0 m³ (2013 est.)
Imports rank: 156
Proven reserves: 275 billion m³ (1 January 2014 est.)
Proven reserves rank: 41

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 31.61 million Mt (2012 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 75

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 280,000
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1
Fixed lines rank: 117
Mobile cellular total: 14.1 million
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 74
Mobile cellular rank: 69

Telephone system
General assessment: limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity prices were high and services poor; Telecom Namibia through an Angolan company became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010 the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately owned mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001
Domestic: about two fixed lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 telephones per 100 persons in 2011
International: country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29

Broadcast media: state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)

Internet
Country code: .ao
Users total: 3.7 million
Users percent of population: 19.4%
Users rank: 81

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures:
Rank: 13

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation: 20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; 2-year conscript service obligation; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2013)

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 176 (2013)
Rank: 32
With paved runways total: 31
With paved runways over 3047 m: 7
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 8
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 12
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 4
With unpaved runways total: 145
With unpaved runways over 3047 m: 2
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 3
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 31
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 66
With unpaved runways: 43 (2013)

Heliports: 1 (2013)

Pipelines: gas 352 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 1065 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2013)

Railways
Total: 2,852 km
Narrow gauge: 2,729 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge
Rank: 61

Roadways
Total: 51,429 km
Paved: 5,349 km
Unpaved: 46,080 km
Rank: 75

Waterways: 1300 km (2011)
Rank: 54

Merchant marine
Total: 7
By type: cargo 1 chemical tanker 1 passenger/cargo 2 petroleum tanker 2 roll on/roll off 1
Foreign owned: 1
Registered in other countries: 17 (2010)
Rank: 123

Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Cabinda Lobito Luanda Namibe
LNG terminal: Angola Soyo


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Disputes international: Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees: 12,944 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2014)

Illicit drugs: used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states particularly South Africa