Statistical information Bosnia and Herzegovina 2016

Bosnia and Herzegovina in the World

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Introduction 2016

Bosnia and Herzegovina declared sovereignty in October 1991 and independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a 'Greater Serbia.' In March 1994 Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak-Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995 in Dayton Ohio the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that ended three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995).
The Dayton Peace Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a multiethnic and democratic government charged with conducting foreign diplomatic and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the predominantly Bosniak-Bosnian Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the predominantly Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments are responsible for overseeing most government functions. Additionally the Dayton Accords established the Office of the High Representative to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. The Peace Implementation Council at its conference in Bonn in 1997 also gave the High Representative the authority to impose legislation and remove officials the so-called 'Bonn Powers.' An original NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops assembled in 1995 was succeeded over time by a smaller NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR). In 2004 European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR. Currently EUFOR deploys around 600 troops in theater in a security assistance and training capacity.

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Geography 2016

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Location: Southeastern Europe bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia

Geographic coordinates: 44 00 N 18 00 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 51,197 km²
Land: 51,187 km²
Water: 10 km²
Rank: 129
Comparative: slightly smaller than West Virginia

Land boundaries
Total: 1543 km
Border countries: (3) Croatia 956 km; Montenegro 242 km; Serbia 345 km

Coastline: 20 km

Maritime claims: NA

Climate: hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short cool summers and long severe winters; mild rainy winters along coast

Terrain: mountains and valleys

Elevation
Mean elevation: 500 m
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m: highest point: Maglic 2,386 m

Natural resources: coal iron ore bauxite copper lead zinc chromite cobalt manganese nickel clay gypsum salt sand timber hydropower

Land use

Land use
Agricultural land: 42.2%

arable land: 19.7%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pasture: 20.5%

Forest: 42.8%
Other: 15%

Irrigated land: 30 km² (2012)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: destructive earthquakes

Geography
Note: within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Montenegro and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the west and an ethnic Serb majority in the east

Bosnia and Herzegovina - People 2016

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Population
Distribution: the northern and central areas of the country are the most densely populated: 3,861,912 (July 2016 est.)
Rank: 129
Growth rate: -0.14% (2016 est.)
Growth rate rank: 210
Below poverty line: 17.2% (2011 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Bosnian Herzegovinian
Adjective: Bosnian Herzegovinian

Ethnic groups: Bosniak 50.1% Serb 30.8% Croat 15.4% other 2.7% not declared/no answer 1%
Note: the methodology remains disputed and Republika Srspka authorities refuse to recognize the results; Bosniak has replaced Muslim as an ethnic term in part to avoid confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam

Languages: Bosnian (official) 52.9% Serbian (official) 30.8% Croatian (official) 14.6% other 1.6% no answer 0.2% (2013 est.)

Religions: Muslim 50.7% Orthodox 30.7% Roman Catholic 15.2% atheist 0.8% agnostic 0.3% other 1.2% undeclared/no answer 1.1% (2013 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure

Age structure
0-14 years: 13.36%
15-24 years: 11.97%
25-54 years: 46.2%
55-64 years: 14.43%
65 years and over: 14.05% (2016 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 40.7%
Youth dependency ratio: 19%
Elderly dependency ratio: 21.7%
Potential support ratio: 4.6%

Median age
Total: 41.7 years
Male: 40.2 years
Female: 43.1 years
Rank: 34

Population growth rate: -0.14% (2016 est.)
Rank: 210

Birth rate: 8.8 births/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 213

Death rate: 9.9 deaths/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 44

Net migration rate: -0.4 migrant(s)/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 126

Population distribution: the northern and central areas of the country are the most densely populated

Urbanization
Urban population: 39.8% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 0.14% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: SARAJEVO (capital) 318,000 (2015)

Environment
Current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; water shortages and destruction of infrastructure because of the 1992-95 civil strife; deforestation
International agreements party to: Air Pollution Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea Marine Life Conservation Ozone Layer Protection Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.07 male/female
0-14 years: 1.07 male/female
15-24 years: 1.07 male/female
25-54 years: 1.01 male/female
55-64 years: 0.92 male/female
65 years and over: 0.64 male/female
Total population: 0.95 male/female

Mothers mean age at first birth: 26.7 (2013 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 5.6 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 5.7 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 5.5 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 170

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 76.7 years
Male: 73.7 years
Female: 80 years
Rank: 84

Total fertility rate: 1.28 children born/woman (2016 est.)
Rank: 219

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 45.8% (2011/12)

Drinking water source:

urban: 99.7% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 99.9% of population
urban: 0.3% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0.1% of population (2015 est.)

Current health expenditure

Physicians density: 1.93 physicians/1000 population (2013)

Hospital bed density: 3.5 beds/1000 population (2010)

Sanitation facility access:

urban: 98.9% of population
rural: 92% of population
total: 94.8% of population
urban: 1.1% of population
rural: 8% of population
total: 5.2% of population (2015 est.)

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: NA
People living with hivaids: NA
Deaths: NA

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 19.2% (2014)
Rank: 47

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 1.5% (2012)
Rank: 127

Education expenditures: NA

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 98.5%
Male: 99.5%
Female: 97.5%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 14 years
Male: 14 years
Female: 15 years

Youth unemployment

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Government 2016

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Country name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Local long form: none
Local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina
Former: People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abbreviation: BiH
Etymology: the larger northern territory is named for the Bosna River; the smaller southern section takes its name from the German word 'herzog' meaning 'duke' and the ending '-ovina' meaning 'land' forming the combination denoting 'dukedom'

Government type: parliamentary republic

Capital
Name: Sarajevo
Geographic coordinates: 43 52 N 18 25 E
Time difference: UTC+1
Daylight saving time: +1hr begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions: 2 first-order administrative divisions and 1 internationally supervised district* - the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine) (predominantly Bosniak-Croat) the Republika Srpska (predominately Serb) Brcko District (Brcko Distrikt)*; note - Brcko District is in northeastern Bosnia and is a self-governing administrative unit under the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina and formally held in condominium between the two entities

Dependent areas

Independence: 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia); note - referendum for independence completed on 1 March 1992; independence declared on 3 March 1992

National holiday:

National Day (Statehood Day) 25 November (1943); Independence Day 1 March (1992); note - observed only in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Dayton Agreement Day 21 November (2007); note - observed only in the Republika Srpska

Note: there is no national-level holiday

Constitution: 14 December 1995 (constitution included as part of the Dayton Peace Accords); amended several times last in 2009; note - each of the entities has its own constitution (2016)

Legal system: civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Dual citizenship recognized: yes provided there is a bilateral agreement with the other state
Residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age 16 if employed; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Chairman of the Presidency Mladen IVANIC ; Dragan COVIC (presidency member since 17 November 2014 - Croat); Bakir IZETBEGOVIC (presidency member since 10 November 2010 - Bosniak)
Head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Denis ZVIZDIC
Cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the council chairman approved by the state-level House of Representatives
Electionsappointments: 3-member presidency directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term but then ineligible for 4 years); the presidency chairpersonship rotates every 8 months and resumes where it left off following each general election; election last held on 12 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2018); the chairman of the Council of Ministers appointed by the presidency and confirmed by the state-level House of Representatives
Election results: percent of vote - Mladen IVANIC 48.7% - Serb seat; Dragan COVIC 52.2% - Croat seat; Bakir IZETBEGOVIC 32.9% - Bosniak seat
Note: President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Marinko CAVARA ; Vice Presidents Melika MAHMUTBEGOVIC (since 11 February 2015) Milan DUNOVIC (since 11 February 2015); President of the Republika Srpska Milorad DODIK (since 15 November 2010); Vice Presidents Ramiz SALKIC (since 24 November 2014) Josip JERKOVIC (since 24 November 2014)

Legislative branch
Description: bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina consists of the House of Peoples or Dom Naroda and the state-level House of Representatives or Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats to include 28 seats allocated to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 14 to the Republika Srpska; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); note - the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature that consists of the House of Peoples (58 seats - 17 Bosniak 17 Croat 17 Serb 7 other) and the House of Representatives (98 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); Republika Srpska's unicameral legislature is the National Assembly (83 directly elected delegates serve 4-year terms)
Elections: House of Peoples - last constituted in 11 February 2015 ; state-level House of Representatives - election last held on 12 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2018)
Election results: House of Peoples - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - NA; state-level House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - Federation votes: SDA 27.9% DF 15.3% SBB BiH 14.4% Croat People's Assembly coalition or HNS 12.2% SDP 9.5% HDZ-1990 4.1% BPS-Sefer Halilovic 3.7% A-SDA 2.3% other 10.6%; Republika Srpska votes: SNSD 38.5% SDS 32.6% PDP-NDP 7.8% DNS 5.7% SDA 4.9% other 10.5%; seats by party/coalition - SDA 10 SNSD 6 SDS 5 DF 5 SBB BiH 4 Croat People's Assembly coalition or HNS (HDZ BiH-HSS-NHI-HKDU-HSP BiH-HSP HB) 4 SDP 3 PDP-NDP 1 HDZ-1990 1 BPS-Sefer Halilovic 1 DNS 1 A-SDA 1

Judicial branch
Highest court: BiH Constitutional Court ; Court of BiH (consists of 44 national judges and 7 international judges organized into 3 divisions - Administrative Appellate and Criminal which includes a War Crimes Chamber)
Judge selection and term of office: BiH Constitutional Court judges - 4 selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's House of Representatives 2 selected by the Republika Srpska's National Assembly and 3 non-Bosnian judges selected by the president of the European Court of Human Rights; Court of BiH president and national judges appointed by the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council; Court of BiH president appointed for renewable 6-year term; other national judges appointed to serve until age 70; international judges recommended by the president of the Court of BiH and appointed by the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina; international judges appointed to serve until age 70
Subordinate courts: the Federation has 10 cantonal courts plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpska has a supreme court 5 district courts and a number of municipal courts

Political parties and leaders:

Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Mladen BOSIC]
Social Democratic Party or SDP [Nermin NIKSIC]

International organization participation: BIS CD CE CEI EAPC EBRD FAO G-77 IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC (NGOs) ICCt ICRM IDA IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF IMO IMSO Interpol IOC IOM IPU ISO ITSO ITU ITUC (NGOs) MIGA MINUSMA MONUSCO NAM (observer) OAS (observer) OIC (observer) OIF (observer) OPCW OSCE PFP SELEC UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO UNWTO UPU WCO WHO WIPO WMO WTO (observer)

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Haris HRLE
In the us chancery: 2,109 E Street NW Washington DC 20,037
In the us telephone: [1] 337-1500
In the us FAX: [1] 337-1502
In the us consulate general: Chicago New York
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Maureen CORMACK
From the us embassy: 1 Robert C. Frasure Street 71,000 Sarajevo
From the us mailing address: use embassy street address
From the us telephone: [387] 704-000
From the us FAX: [387] 659-722
From the us branch office: Banja Luka Mostar

Flag description

: a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag; the remainder of the flag is medium blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle; the triangle approximates the shape of the country and its three points stand for the constituent peoples - Bosniaks Croats and Serbs; the stars represent Europe and are meant to be continuous (thus the half stars at top and bottom); the colors (white blue and yellow) are often associated with neutrality and peace and traditionally are linked with Bosnia
Note: one of several flags where a prominent component of the design reflects the shape of the country; other such flags are those of Brazil Eritrea and Vanuatu

National symbols: golden lily; national colors: blue yellow white

National anthem
Name: 'Drzavna himna Bosne i Hercegovine'
Lyrics and music: none officially; Dusan SESTIC and Benjamin ISOVIC/Dusan SESTIC
Note: music adopted 1999; lyrics accepted 2009 but not yet approved

National heritage

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Economy 2016

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Economy overview:

Bosnia has a transitional economy with limited market reforms. The economy relies heavily on the export of metals energy textiles and furniture as well as on remittances and foreign aid. A highly decentralized government hampers economic policy coordination and reform while excessive bureaucracy and a segmented market discourage foreign investment. Foreign banks primarily from Austria and Italy now control most of the banking sector. The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark or BAM) - the national currency introduced in 1998 - is pegged to the euro and confidence in the currency and the banking sector has remained stable.
Interethnic warfare in Bosnia and Herzegovina caused production to plummet by 80% from 1992 to 1995 and unemployment to soar but the economy made progress until 2008 when the global economic crisis caused a downturn. Bosnia and Herzegovina became a full member of the Central European Free Trade Agreement in September 2007.
Bosnia's private sector is growing slowly but foreign investment has dropped sharply since 2007. Government spending - including transfer payments - remains high at roughly 40% of GDP because of redundant government offices at the national sub-national and municipal level. High unemployment remains the most serious macroeconomic problem. Successful implementation of a value-added tax in 2006 provided a steady source of revenue for the government and helped rein in gray-market activity. National-level statistics have also improved over time but a large share of economic activity remains unofficial and unrecorded.
Bosnia and Herzegovina's top economic priorities are: acceleration of integration into the EU; strengthening the fiscal system; public administration reform; World Trade Organization membership; and securing economic growth by fostering a dynamic competitive private sector.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:

$40.53 billion (2015 est.)
$39.43 billion (2014 est.)
$39.01 billion (2013 est.)

Note: data are in 2015 US dollars
Rank: 113

Real gdp growth rate:

2.8% (2015 est.)
1.1% (2014 est.)
2.4% (2013 est.)

Rank: 94

Real gdp per capita:

$10,500 (2015 est.)
$10,200 (2014 est.)
$10,100 (2013 est.)

Note: data are in 2015 US dollars
Rank: 136

Gross national saving:

10.4% of GDP (2015 est.)
10.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
11.9% of GDP (2013 est.)

Rank: 152

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 80.9%
Government consumption: 21.5%
Investment in fixed capital: 18.6%
Investment in inventories: 1.3%
Exports of goods and services: 32.8%
Imports of goods and services: -55.1%

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 7.9%
Industry: 26.5%
Services: 65.6%

Agriculture products: wheat corn fruits vegetables; livestock

Industries: steel coal iron ore lead zinc manganese bauxite aluminum motor vehicle assembly textiles tobacco products wooden furniture ammunition domestic appliances oil refining

Industrial production growth rate: 3.2% (2015 est.)
Rank: 71

Labor force: 1.47 million (2015 est.)
Rank: 132
By occupation agriculture: 19%
By occupation industry: 30%
By occupation services: 51%

Labor force

Unemployment rate:

43.2% (2015 est.)
43.9% (2014 est.)

Note: official rate; actual rate is lower as many technically unemployed persons work in the gray economy
Rank: 199

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: 17.2% (2011 est.)

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 2.7%
Highest 10: 27.3%

Distribution of family income gini index: 36.2 (2007)
Rank: 86

Budget
Revenues: $7.606 billion
Expenditures: $7.933 billion
Surplus or deficit: -2.1% of GDP (2015 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 89

Taxes and other revenues: 48.2% of GDP (2015 est.)
Rank: 17

Public debt:

46.1% of GDP (2015 est.)
44.8% of GDP (2014 est.)

Note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds such as for retirement medical care and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Rank: 92

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices:

-1% (2015 est.)
-0.9% (2014 est.)

Rank: 15

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

5.79% (31 December 2015 est.)
6.64% (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 131

Stock of narrow money:

$4.554 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$4.538 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 103

Stock of broad money:

$9.223 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$10.72 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 109

Stock of domestic credit:

$9.389 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$10.23 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 108

Market value of publicly traded shares: $N/A

Current account balance:

-$1.078 billion (2015 est.)
-$1.45 billion (2014 est.)

Rank: 118

Exports:

$3.95 billion (2015 est.)
$4.489 billion (2014 est.)

Rank: 115
Commodities: metals clothing wood products
Partners: Slovenia 16.5% Italy 15.9% Germany 12.1% Croatia 11.5% Austria 11.1% Turkey 5.2% (2015)

Imports:

$8.173 billion (2015 est.)
$9.982 billion (2014 est.)

Rank: 107
Commodities: machinery and equipment chemicals fuels foodstuffs
Partners: Croatia 19.3% Germany 13.9% Slovenia 13.8% Italy 10.9% Austria 5.7% Hungary 5.2% Turkey 4.5% (2015)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$4.791 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$4.858 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 93

Debt external:

$9.597 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$10.59 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 110

Stock of direct foreign investment at home:

$7.92 billion (2014 est.)
$7.721 billion (2013 est.)

Rank: 95

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad: $0 (2014)
Rank: 105

Exchange rates:

konvertibilna markas (BAM) per US dollar -
1.7626 (2015 est.)
1.4742 (2014 est.)
1.4718 (2013 est.)
1.52 (2012 est.)
1.407 (2011 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Energy 2016

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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100%
Production: 15 billion kWh (2014 est.)
Production rank: 81
Consumption: 11 billion kWh (2014 est.)
Consumption rank: 84
Exports: 6 billion kWh (2014 est.)
Exports rank: 32
Imports: 3.2 billion kWh (2014 est.)
Imports rank: 57
Installed generating capacity: 4.3 million kW (2014 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 78
Generation sources fossil fuels: 54.8% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 142
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 53
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 43.6% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 55
Generation sources other renewable sources: 1.5% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 86

Coal

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 111
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 101
Crude oil imports: 20,690 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 69
Crude oil proven reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2016 es)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 110

Crude oil

Refined petroleum
Products production: 20,280 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Products production rank: 92
Products consumption: 30,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Products consumption rank: 112
Products exports: 5,342 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Products exports rank: 98
Products imports: 15,230 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Products imports rank: 124

Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2014 est.)
Production rank: 161
Consumption: 169 million m³ (2014 est.)
Consumption rank: 103
Exports: 0 m³ (2014 est.)
Exports rank: 66
Imports: 169 million m³ (2014 est.)
Imports rank: 69
Proven reserves: 0 m³ (1 January 2014 es)
Proven reserves rank: 116

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 17 million Mt (2013 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 78

Energy consumption per capita

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Communication 2016

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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 771,684
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20
Fixed lines rank: 84
Mobile cellular total: 3.444 million
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 89
Mobile cellular rank: 129

Telephone system
General assessment: post-war reconstruction of the telecommunications network aided by an internationally sponsored program resulted in sharp increases in fixed-line telephone availability
Domestic: fixed-line teledensity roughly 20 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing rapidly and stands at roughly 90 telephones per 100 persons
International: country code - 387; no satellite earth stations

Broadcast media: 3 public TV broadcasters: Radio and TV of Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation TV (operating 2 networks) and Republika Srpska Radio-TV; a local commercial network of 5 TV stations; 3 private near-national TV stations and dozens of small independent TV broadcasting stations; 3 large public radio broadcasters and many private radio stations (2010)

Internet
Country code: .ba
Users total: 2.516 million
Users percent of population: 65.1%
Users rank: 89

Broadband fixed subscriptions

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Military 2016

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Military expenditures:

0.98% of GDP (2014)
1.04% of GDP (2013)
1.35% of GDP (2012)
1.15% of GDP (2011)
1.35% of GDP (2010)

Rank: 75

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service; mandatory retirement at age 35 or after 15 years of service for E-1 through E-4 mandatory retirement at age 50 and 30 years of service for E-5 through E-9 mandatory retirement at age 55 and 30 years of service for all officers (2014)

Space program

Terrorist groups

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Transportation 2016

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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 1
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 1
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 7,070
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 87 mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: T9 (2016)

Airports: 24 (2013)
Rank: 130
With paved runways total: 7
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 4
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1
With paved runways under 914 m: 2
With unpaved runways total: 17
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 5
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 11

Heliports: 6 (2013)

Pipelines: gas 147 km; oil 9 km (2013)

Railways
Total: 965 km
Standard gauge: 965 km 1.435-m gauge (2014)
Rank: 88

Roadways
Total: 22,926 km
Paved: 19,426 km
Unpaved: 3,500 km
Rank: 102

Waterways: (Sava River on northern border; open to shipping but use limited) (2011)

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals
River port: Bosanska Gradiska Bosanski Brod Bosanski Samac Brcko Orasje

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Transnational issues 2016

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Disputes international: Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees: 6,679 (Croatia) (2015)
IDPs: 98,324 (2015)
Stateless persons: 58

Illicit drugs: increasingly a transit point for heroin being trafficked to Western Europe; minor transit point for marijuana; remains highly vulnerable to money-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and unregulated economy weak law enforcement and instances of corruption