Statistical information Haiti 2016

Haiti in the World

Haiti - Introduction 2016

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Background: The native Taino - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697 Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island which later became Haiti. The French colony based on forestry and sugar-related industries became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE. After a prolonged struggle Haiti became the first post-colonial black-led nation in the world declaring its independence in 1804. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere Haiti has experienced political instability for most of its history. A massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010 with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital Port-au-Prince. Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years. President Michel MARTELLY resigned in February 2016 and was replaced by Interim President Jocelerme PRIVERT who will lead until new elections take place later in the year.

Haiti - Geography 2016

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Location: Caribbean western one-third of the island of Hispaniola between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean west of the Dominican Republic

Geographic coordinates: 19 00 N 72 25 W

Map reference: Central America and the Caribbean

Area
Total: 27,750 km²
Land: 27,560 km²
Water: 190 km²
Rank: 148
Comparative: slightly smaller than Maryland

Land boundaries
Total: 376 km
Border countries: (1) Dominican Republic 376 km

Coastline: 1771 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Continental shelf: to depth of exploitation

Climate: tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds

Terrain: mostly rough and mountainous

Elevation
Mean elevation: 470 m
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m: highest point: Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m

Natural resources: bauxite copper calcium carbonate gold marble hydropower arable land

Land use

Land use
Agricultural land: 66.4%

arable land: 38.5%
permanent crops: 10.2%
permanent pasture: 17.7%

Forest: 3.6%
Other: 30%

Irrigated land: 970 km² (2012)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts

Geography
Note: shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)

Haiti - People 2016

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Population
Distribution: fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas: 10,485,800
Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy higher infant mortality higher death rates lower population growth rates and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
Rank: 89
Growth rate: 1.71% (2016 est.)
Growth rate rank: 66
Below poverty line: 58.5% (2012 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Haitian
Adjective: Haitian

Ethnic groups: black 95% mulatto and white 5%

Languages: French (official) Creole (official)

Religions: Roman Catholic (official) 54.7% Protestant 28.5% (Baptist 15.4% Pentecostal 7.9% Adventist 3% Methodist 1.5% other 0.7%) voodoo (official) 2.1% other 4.6% none 10.2%
Note: many Haitians practice elements of voodoo in addition to another religion most often Roman Catholicism; voodoo was recognized as an official religion in 2003

Demographic profile

Age structure

Age structure
0-14 years: 33.39%
15-24 years: 21.35%
25-54 years: 36.24%
55-64 years: 4.94%
65 years and over: 4.09% (2016 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 62.3%
Youth dependency ratio: 54.8%
Elderly dependency ratio: 7.5%
Potential support ratio: 13.3%

Median age
Total: 22.6 years
Male: 22.4 years
Female: 22.8 years
Rank: 173

Population growth rate: 1.71% (2016 est.)
Rank: 66

Birth rate: 23.3 births/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 67

Death rate: 7.7 deaths/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 107

Net migration rate: 1.5 migrant(s)/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 55

Population distribution: fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas

Urbanization
Urban population: 58.6% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 3.78% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) 2.44 million (2015)

Environment
Current issues: extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water
International agreements party to: Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Law of the Sea Marine Dumping Marine Life Conservation Ozone Layer Protection
International agreements signed but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.01 male/female
0-14 years: 0.99 male/female
15-24 years: 1 male/female
25-54 years: 0.99 male/female
55-64 years: 0.91 male/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male/female
Total population: 0.98 male/female

Mothers mean age at first birth: 22.7
Note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 48.2 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 54.6 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 41.8 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 37

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 63.8 years
Male: 61.2 years
Female: 66.4 years
Rank: 187

Total fertility rate: 2.79 children born/woman (2016 est.)
Rank: 63

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 34.5% (2012)

Drinking water source:

urban: 64.9% of population
rural: 47.6% of population
total: 57.7% of population
urban: 35.1% of population
rural: 52.4% of population
total: 42.3% of population (2015 est.)

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density: 1.3 beds/1000 population (2007)

Sanitation facility access:

urban: 33.6% of population
rural: 19.2% of population
total: 27.6% of population
urban: 66.4% of population
rural: 80.8% of population
total: 72.4% of population (2015 est.)

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: 1.71% (2015 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 27
People living with hivaids: 133,500 (2015 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 33
Deaths: 8,000 (2015 est.)
Deaths rank: 40

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea hepatitis A and E and typhoid fever
Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
Note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country ; it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex via blood transfusion or during pregnancy in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus (2016)

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 10.7% (2014)
Rank: 137

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 11.6% (2012)
Rank: 64

Education expenditures: NA

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 60.7%
Male: 64.3%
Female: 57.3%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment

Haiti - Government 2016

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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Haiti
Conventional short form: Haiti
Local long form: Republique d'Haiti/Repiblik d Ayiti
Local short form: Haiti/Ayiti
Etymology: the native Taino name means 'land of high mountains' and was originally applied to the entire island of Hispaniola

Government type: semi-presidential republic

Capital
Name: Port-au-Prince
Geographic coordinates: 18 32 N 72 20 W
Time difference: UTC-5
Daylight saving time: none in 2016

Administrative divisions: 10 departments (departements singular - departement); Artibonite Centre Grand'Anse Nippes Nord Nord-Est Nord-Ouest Ouest Sud Sud-Est

Dependent areas

Independence: 1 January 1804 (from France)

National holiday: Independence Day 1 January (1804)

Constitution: many previous (23 total); latest adopted 10 March 1987; amended 2012 (2016)

Legal system: civil law system strongly influenced by Napoleonic Code

International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a native-born citizen of Haiti
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Interim President Jocelerme PRIVERT ; note - parliament elected Interim President PRIVERT after President Michel MARTELLY stepped down from office 7 February 2016
Head of government: Prime Minister Enex JEAN-CHARLES
Cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Minister's governing policy
Electionsappointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term ; election last held 20 November 2016 (next to be held in October 2021); note - the previous election was last held on 25 October 2015 but a runoff scheduled for 24 April 2016 was postponed; on 6 June 2016 the Provisional Electoral Council announced that it had accepted a recommendation by an independent commission which had found that fraud had marred the October 2015 vote to formally annul the results; a repeat of the first round of the presidential election scheduled to take place 9 October 2016 with a second round to be held on 8 January 2017 was canceled becaused of Hurricane Matthew; the rescheduled election then took place on 20 November 2016
Election results: 2016 election - Jovenel MOISE elected president; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE 55.67% Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.52% Jean-Charles MOISE (PPD) 11.04% Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 8.99%; note - Jovenel MOISE will take office on 7 February 2017

Legislative branch
Description: bicameral legislature or 'le Corps Legislatif ou parlement' consists of le Senat or Senate and la Chambre de deputes or Chamber of Deputies (118 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in two rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms); note - when the two chambers meet collectively it is known as L'Assemblee Nationale or the National Assembly that is convened for specific purposes spelled out in the constitution
Elections: Senate - last held on 9 August 2015 with run-off election on 25 October 2015 ; Chamber of Deputies - last held on 9 August 2015 with run-off election on 25 October 2015 (next regular election may be held in 2017)
Election results: 2015 Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; 2015 Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; note - official results pending

Judicial branch
Highest court: Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation ; note - Haiti is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice
Judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president from candidate lists submitted by the Senate of the National Assembly; note - Article 174 of the Haiti Constitution states that judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for 10 years whereas Article 177 states that judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for life
Subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; magistrates' courts; special courts

Political parties and leaders:

Unity or Inite [Levaillant LOUIS-JEUNE] (coalition that includes Front for Hope or L'ESPWA)
Vigilance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GAUDIN]
Youth for People's Power or JPP [Rene CIVIL]

International organization participation: ACP AOSIS Caricom CD CDB CELAC FAO G-77 IADB IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC (NGOs) ICRM IDA IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF IMO Interpol IOC IOM IPU ITSO ITU ITUC (NGOs) LAES MIGA NAM OAS OIF OPANAL OPCW PCA Petrocaribe UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO Union Latina UNWTO UPU WCO WFTU (NGOs) WHO WIPO WMO WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Paul Getty ALTIDOR
In the us chancery: 2,311 Massachusetts Avenue NW Washington DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] 332-4,090
In the us FAX: [1] 745-7,215
In the us consulate general: Atlanta Boston Chicago Miami Orlando New York San Juan (Puerto Rico)
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Peter MULREAN
From the us embassy: Tabarre 41 Route de Tabarre Port-au-Prince
From the us mailing address: P.O. Box 1634 Port-au-Prince Haiti; (from abroad) 3,400 Port-au-Prince State Department Washington DC 20,521-3,400
From the us telephone: [509] 2,229-8,000
From the us FAX: [509] 229-8,028

Flag description

: two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength); the colors are taken from the French Tricolor and represent the union of blacks and mulattoes

National symbols: Hispaniolan trogon (bird) hibiscus flower; national colors: blue red

National anthem
Name: 'La Dessalinienne'
Lyrics and music: Justin LHERISSON/Nicolas GEFFRARD
Note: adopted 1904; named for Jean-Jacques DESSALINES a leader in the Haitian Revolution and first ruler of an independent Haiti

National heritage

Haiti - Economy 2016

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Economy overview:

Haiti's economy suffered a severe setback in January 2010 when a 7.0 magnitude earthquake destroyed much of its capital city Port-au-Prince and neighboring areas. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere with 80% of the population living under the poverty line and 54% in abject poverty the earthquake further inflicted $7.8 billion in damage and caused the country's GDP to contract. In 2011 GDP growth rose to 5.5% as the Haitian economy began recovering from the earthquake. However growth slowed in 2015 to 2% as political uncertainty drought conditions and the depreciation of the national currency took a toll on investment and economic growth.
Haiti is a free market economy with low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. Two-fifths of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector mainly small-scale subsistence farming which remains vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters exacerbated by the country's widespread deforestation. Poverty corruption vulnerability to natural disasters and low levels of education for much of the population are among Haiti's most serious impediments to economic growth. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange in 2015 equaling over one-fifth of GDP and nearly double the combined value of Haitian exports and foreign direct investment.
US economic engagement under the Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA) and the 2008 Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement Act (HOPE II) helped increase apparel exports and investment by providing duty-free access to the US. The Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act of 2010 extended the CBTPA and HOPE II until 2020 while the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 extended trade benefits provided to Haiti in the HOPE and HELP Acts through September 2025. Apparel sector exports in 2015 reached $904 million and account for about 90% of Haitian exports and more than 10% of the GDP.
Investment in Haiti is hampered by the difficulty of doing business and weak infrastructure including access to electricity. Haiti's outstanding external debt was cancelled by donor countries following the 2010 earthquake but has since risen to nearly $2 billion as of December 2015 the majority of which is owed to Venezuela under the PetroCaribe program. Although the government has increased its revenue collection it continues to rely on formal international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability with over 20% of its annual budget coming from foreign aid or direct budget support.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:

$18.75 billion (2015 est.)
$18.56 billion (2014 est.)
$18.06 billion (2013 est.)

Note: data are in 2015 US dollars
Rank: 148

Real gdp growth rate:

1% (2015 est.)
2.8% (2014 est.)
4.2% (2013 est.)

Rank: 159

Real gdp per capita:

$1800 (2015 est.)
$1800 (2014 est.)
$1700 (2013 est.)

Note: data are in 2015 US dollars
Rank: 211

Gross national saving:

22.1% of GDP (2015 est.)
14% of GDP (2014 est.)
14.5% of GDP (2013 est.)

Rank: 32

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 97.5%
Government consumption: 0%
Investment in fixed capital: 30.7%
Investment in inventories: -5.3%
Exports of goods and services: 14.5%
Imports of goods and services: -42.7%
Note: figure for household consumption also includes government consumption

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 22.2%
Industry: 20.4%
Services: 57.4%

Agriculture products: coffee mangoes cocoa sugarcane rice corn sorghum; wood vetiver

Industries: textiles sugar refining flour milling cement light assembly using imported parts

Industrial production growth rate: 3.2% (2015 est.)
Rank: 69

Labor force: 4.594 million
Note: shortage of skilled labor unskilled labor abundant
Rank: 87
By occupation agriculture: 38.1%
By occupation industry: 11.5%
By occupation services: 50.4%

Labor force

Unemployment rate: 40.6% (2010 est.)
Note: widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs
Rank: 198

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: 58.5% (2012 est.)

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 0.7%
Highest 10: 47.7%

Distribution of family income gini index:

60.8 (2012)
59.2 (2001)

Rank: 5

Budget
Revenues: $1.818 billion
Expenditures: $2.059 billion
Surplus or deficit: -2.8% of GDP (2015 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 107

Taxes and other revenues: 21.1% of GDP (2015 est.)
Rank: 151

Public debt:

26.5% of GDP (2015 est.)
26.6% of GDP (2014 est.)

Rank: 149

Revenue

Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September

Inflation rate consumer prices:

9% (2015 est.)
4.6% (2014 est.)

Rank: 197

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

12.9% (31 December 2015 est.)
10.77% (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 58

Stock of narrow money:

$1.073 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$1.235 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 152

Stock of broad money:

$3.818 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$3.793 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 141

Stock of domestic credit:

$2.404 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$2.425 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 136

Market value of publicly traded shares: $N/A

Current account balance:

-$206 million (2015 est.)
-$551 million (2014 est.)

Rank: 83

Exports:

$1.029 billion (2015 est.)
$960.9 million (2014 est.)

Rank: 158
Commodities: apparel manufactures oils cocoa mangoes coffee
Partners: US 85.3% (2015)

Imports:

$3.445 billion (2015 est.)
$3.666 billion (2014 est.)

Rank: 137
Commodities: food manufactured goods machinery and transport equipment fuels raw materials
Partners: Dominican Republic 35.3% US 24.5% Netherlands Antilles 9.4% China 9.4% (2015)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$1.919 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$1.968 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 117

Debt external:

$1.969 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$1.937 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 151

Stock of direct foreign investment at home:

$1.269 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$1.16 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 111

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:

gourdes (HTG) per US dollar -
50.71 (2015 est.)
45.22 (2014 est.)
45.22 (2013 est.)
41.95 (2012 est.)
40.52 (2011 est.)

Haiti - Energy 2016

Haiti - Communication 2016

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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 41,000
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: less than 1
Fixed lines rank: 167
Mobile cellular total: 7.412 million
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 73
Mobile cellular rank: 107

Telephone system
General assessment: telecommunications infrastructure is among the least-developed in Latin America and the Caribbean; domestic cell service is functional
Domestic: mobile-cellular telephone services have expanded greatly in the last five years due to low-cost GSM phones and pay-as-you-go plans; mobile-cellular teledensity is about 70 per 100 persons
International: country code - 509; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (2015)

Broadcast media: 130 television stations throughout the country including 1 government-owned; cable TV subscription service available; 495 radio stations (of them only 135 are licensed) including 1 government-owned; more than 250 private and community radio stations; over 50 FM stations in Port-au-Prince alone (2015)

Internet
Country code: .ht
Users total: 1.233 million
Users percent of population: 12.2%
Users rank: 119

Broadband fixed subscriptions

Haiti - Military 2016

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Military expenditures

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups

Haiti - Transportation 2016

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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 1
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 1

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: HH (2016)

Airports: 14 (2013)
Rank: 148
With paved runways total: 4
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 2
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 2
With unpaved runways total: 10
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 2
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 8

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways
Total: 4,266 km
Paved: 768 km
Unpaved: 3,498 km
Rank: 156

Waterways

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Cap-Haitien Gonaives Jacmel Port-au-Prince

Haiti - Transnational issues 2016

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Disputes international: since 2004 peacekeepers from the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti have assisted in maintaining civil order in Haiti; the mission currently includes 6,685 military 2,607 police and 443 civilian personnel; despite efforts to control illegal migration Haitians cross into the Dominican Republic and sail to neighboring countries; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island

Refugees and internally displaced persons
IDPs: 55,107 (2016)
Stateless persons: 977
Note: stateless persons are individuals without a nationality who were born in the Dominican Republic prior to January 2010

Illicit drugs: Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial bulk cash smuggling activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption; significant consumer of cannabis

Haiti
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