Statistical information India 2016

India in the World

India - Introduction 2016

The Indus Valley civilization one of the world's oldest flourished during the 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. and extended into northwestern India. Aryan tribes from the northwest infiltrated the Indian subcontinent about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indian culture. The Maurya Empire of the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. - which reached its zenith under ASHOKA - united much of South Asia. The Golden Age ushered in by the Gupta dynasty (4th to 6th centuries A.D.) saw a flowering of Indian science art and culture. Islam spread across the subcontinent over a period of 700 years. In the 10th and 11th centuries Turks and Afghans invaded India and established the Delhi Sultanate. In the early 16th century the Emperor BABUR established the Mughal Dynasty which ruled India for more than three centuries. European explorers began establishing footholds in India during the 16th century.
By the 19th century Great Britain had become the dominant political power on the subcontinent. The British Indian Army played a vital role in both World Wars. Years of nonviolent resistance to British rule led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU eventually resulted in Indian independence which was granted in 1947. Large-scale communal violence took place before and after the subcontinent partition into two separate states - India and Pakistan. The neighboring nations have fought three wars since independence the last of which was in 1971 and resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. India's nuclear weapons tests in 1998 emboldened Pakistan to conduct its own tests that same year. In November 2008 terrorists originating from Pakistan conducted a series of coordinated attacks in Mumbai India's financial capital. Despite pressing problems such as significant overpopulation environmental degradation extensive poverty and widespread corruption economic growth following the launch of economic reforms in 1991 and a massive youthful population are driving India's emergence as a regional and global power.

India - Geography 2016

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Location: Southern Asia bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal between Burma and Pakistan

Geographic coordinates: 20 00 N 77 00 E

Map reference: Asia

Area
Total: 3,287,263 km²
Land: 2,973,193 km²
Water: 314,070 km²
Rank: 7
Comparative: slightly more than one-third the size of the US

Land boundaries
Total: 13,888 km
Border countries: (6) Bangladesh 4,142 km; Bhutan 659 km; Burma 1468 km; China 2,659 km; Nepal 1770 km; Pakistan 3,190 km

Coastline: 7,000 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Climate: varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

Terrain: upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south flat to rolling plain along the Ganges deserts in west Himalayas in north

Elevation
Mean elevation: 160 m
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m: highest point: Kanchenjunga 8,598 m

Natural resources: coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world) iron ore manganese mica bauxite rare earth elements titanium ore chromite natural gas diamonds petroleum limestone arable land

Land use

Land use
Agricultural land: 60.5%

arable land: 52.8%
permanent crops: 4.2%
permanent pasture: 3.5%

Forest: 23.1%
Other: 16.4%

Irrigated land: 667,000 km² (2012)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: droughts; flash floods as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes
Volcanism: Barren Island in the Andaman Sea has been active in recent years

Geography
Note: dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian Ocean trade routes; Kanchenjunga third tallest mountain in the world lies on the border with Nepal

India - People 2016

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Population: 1,266,883,598 (July 2016 est.)
Rank: 2
Growth rate: 1.19% (2016 est.)
Growth rate rank: 97
Below poverty line: 29.8% (2010 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Indian
Adjective: Indian

Ethnic groups: Indo-Aryan 72% Dravidian 25% Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)

Languages: Hindi 41% Bengali 8.1% Telugu 7.2% Marathi 7% Tamil 5.9% Urdu 5% Gujarati 4.5% Kannada 3.7% Malayalam 3.2% Oriya 3.2% Punjabi 2.8% Assamese 1.3% Maithili 1.2% other 5.9%
Note: English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national political and commercial communication; Hindi is the most widely spoken language and primary tongue of 41% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali Telugu Marathi Tamil Urdu Gujarati Malayalam Kannada Oriya Punjabi Assamese Kashmiri Sindhi and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language

Religions: Hindu 79.8% Muslim 14.2% Christian 2.3% Sikh 1.7% other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure

Age structure
0-14 years: 27.71%
15-24 years: 17.99%
25-54 years: 40.91%
55-64 years: 7.3%
65 years and over: 6.09% (2016 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 52.4%
Youth dependency ratio: 43.9%
Elderly dependency ratio: 8.6%
Potential support ratio: 11.7%

Median age
Total: 27.6 years
Male: 26.9 years
Female: 28.3 years
Rank: 140

Population growth rate: 1.19% (2016 est.)
Rank: 97

Birth rate: 19.3 births/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 86

Death rate: 7.3 deaths/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 120

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 84

Population distribution

Urbanization
Urban population: 32.7% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 2.38% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: NEW DELHI (capital) 25.703 million; Mumbai 21.043 million; Kolkata 11.766 million; Bangalore 10.087 million; Chennai 9.62 million; Hyderabad 8.944 million (2015)

Environment
Current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources
International agreements party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol Antarctic-Marine Living Resources Antarctic Treaty Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Endangered Species Environmental Modification Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution Tropical Timber 83 Tropical Timber 94 Wetlands Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.12 male/female
0-14 years: 1.13 male/female
15-24 years: 1.13 male/female
25-54 years: 1.06 male/female
55-64 years: 1.01 male/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male/female
Total population: 1.08 male/female

Mothers mean age at first birth: 19.9
Note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 40.5 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 39.2 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 41.8 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 49

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 68.5 years
Male: 67.3 years
Female: 69.8 years
Rank: 164

Total fertility rate: 2.45 children born/woman (2016 est.)
Rank: 78

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 54.8% (2007/08)

Drinking water source:

urban: 97.1% of population
rural: 92.6% of population
total: 94.1% of population
urban: 2.9% of population
rural: 7.4% of population
total: 5.9% of population (2015 est.)

Current health expenditure

Physicians density: 0.7 physicians/1000 population (2012)

Hospital bed density: 0.7 beds/1000 population (2011)

Sanitation facility access:

urban: 62.6% of population
rural: 28.5% of population
total: 39.6% of population
urban: 37.4% of population
rural: 71.5% of population
total: 60.4% of population (2015 est.)

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: 0.26% (2013 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 90
People living with hivaids: 2,118,100 (2015 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 3
Deaths: 67,600 (2015 est.)
Deaths rank: 3

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea hepatitis A and E and typhoid fever
Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever Japanese encephalitis and malaria
Water contact disease: leptospirosis
Animal contact disease: rabies

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 4.7% (2014)
Rank: 184

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 43.5% (2006)
Rank: 2

Education expenditures: 3.8% of GDP (2012)
Rank: 134

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 71.2%
Male: 81.3%
Female: 60.6%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 12 years
Male: 11 years
Female: 12 years

Youth unemployment

India - Government 2016

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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of India
Conventional short form: India
Local long form: Republic of India/Bharatiya Ganarajya
Local short form: India/Bharat
Etymology: the English name derives from the Indus River; the Indian name 'Bharat' may derive from the 'Bharatas' tribe mentioned in the Vedas of the second millennium B.C.; the name is also associated with Emperor Bharata the legendary conqueror of all of India

Government type: federal parliamentary republic

Capital
Name: New Delhi
Geographic coordinates: 28 36 N 77 12 E
Time difference: UTC+5.5

Administrative divisions: 29 states and 7 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands* Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chandigarh* Chhattisgarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli* Daman and Diu* Delhi* Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Lakshadweep* Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Puducherry* Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal
Note: although its status is that of a union territory the official name of Delhi is National Capital Territory of Delhi

Dependent areas

Independence: 15 August 1947 (from the UK)

National holiday: Republic Day 26 January (1950)

Constitution: previous 1935 (preindependence); latest draft completed 4 November 1949 adopted 26 November 1949 effective 26 January 1950; amended many times last in 2015 (2016)

Legal system: common law system based on the English model; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims Christians and Hindus; judicial review of legislative acts

International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of India
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Pranab MUKHERJEE ; Vice President Mohammad Hamid ANSARI (since 11 August 2007)
Head of government: Prime Minister Narendra MODI
Cabinet: Union Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister appointed by the president
Electionsappointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament and state legislatures for a 5-year term ; election last held on 19 July 2012 (next to be held in July 2017); vice president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament and state legislatures for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 7 August 2012 (next to be held in August 2017); following legislative elections the prime minister is elected by parliamentary members of the majority party
Election results: Pranab MUKHERJEE elected president; percent of vote - Pranab MUKHERJEE 69.3% Purno SANGMA (independent) 30.7%; Mohammad Hamid ANSARI reelected vice president; electoral college vote - Mohammad Hamid ANSARI 490 Jaswant SINGH 238

Legislative branch
Description: bicameral Parliament or Sansad consists of the Council of States or Rajya Sabha and the House of the People or Lok Sabha (545 seats; 543 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 2 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
Elections: People's Assembly - last held April-May 2014 in 10 phases;
Election results: People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - BJP 31.0% INC 19.3% AITC 3.8% SP 3.4% AIADMK 3.3% CPI 3.3% TDP 2.6% YSRC 2.5% AAP 2.1% SAD 1.8% BJD 1.7% SS 1.7% NCP 1.6% RJD 1.3% TRS 1.3% LJP 0.4% other 15.9% independent 3.0%; seats by party - BJP 282 INC 44 AIADMK 37 AITC 34 BJD 20 SS 18 TDP 16 TRS 11 CPI(M) 9 YSRC 9 LJP 6 NCP 6 SP 5 AAP 4 RJD 4 SAD 4 other 33 independent 3

Judicial branch
Highest court: Supreme Court
Judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
Subordinate courts: High Courts; District Courts; Labour Court
Note: in mid-2011 India’s Cabinet approved the 'National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform' to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases; as of mid-July 2015 the Indian Government was considering the introduction of pre-trial hearing as a method for reducing the backlog

Political parties and leaders: YSR Congress(YSRC) [Jaganmohan REDDY]
Note: India has dozens of national and regional political parties

International organization participation: ADB AfDB (nonregional member) Arctic Council (observer) ARF ASEAN (dialogue partner) BIMSTEC BIS BRICS C CD CERN (observer) CICA CP EAS FAO FATF G-15 G-20 G-24 G-5 G-77 IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC (national committees) ICRM IDA IFAD IFC IFRCS IHO ILO IMF IMO IMSO Interpol IOC IOM IPU ISO ITSO ITU ITUC (NGOs) LAS (observer) MIGA MINURSO MONUSCO NAM OAS (observer) OECD OPCW Pacific Alliance (observer) PCA PIF (partner) SAARC SACEP SCO (observer) UN UNCTAD UNDOF UNESCO UNHCR UNIDO UNIFIL UNISFA UNITAR UNMISS UNOCI UNWTO UPU WCO WFTU (NGOs) WHO WIPO WMO WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Navtej SINGH
In the us chancery: 2,107 Massachusetts Avenue NW Washington DC 20,008; note - Consular Wing located at 2,536 Massachusetts Avenue NW Washington DC 20,008; telephone: [1] 939-7,000
In the us telephone: [1] 939-7,000
In the us FAX: [1] 265-4,351
In the us consulate general: Atlanta Chicago Houston New York San Francisco
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Richard Rahul VERMA
From the us embassy: Shantipath Chanakyapuri New Delhi 110,021
From the us mailing address: use embassy street address
From the us telephone: [91] 2,419-8,000
From the us FAX: [91] 2,419-0017
From the us consulate general: Chennai Hyderabad Kolkata (Calcutta) Mumbai (Bombay)

Flag description

: three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange) (top) white and green with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band; saffron represents courage sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation; white signifies purity and truth; green stands for faith and fertility; the blue chakra symbolizes the wheel of life in movement and death in stagnation
Note: similar to the flag of Niger which has a small orange disk centered in the white band

National symbols: the Lion Capital of Ashoka which depicts four Asiatic lions standing back to back mounted on a circular abacus is the official emblem; Bengal tiger; lotus flower; national colors: saffron white green

National anthem
Name: 'Jana-Gana-Mana'
Lyrics and music: Rabindranath TAGORE
Note: adopted 1950; Rabindranath TAGORE a Nobel laureate also wrote Bangladesh's national anthem

National heritage

India - Economy 2016

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Economy overview:

India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming modern agriculture handicrafts a wide range of modern industries and a multitude of services. Slightly less than half of the work force is in agriculture but services are the major source of economic growth accounting for nearly two-thirds of India's output but employing less than one-third of its labor force. India has capitalized on its large educated English-speaking population to become a major exporter of information technology services business outsourcing services and software workers.
India is developing into an open-market economy yet traces of its past autarkic policies remain. Economic liberalization measures including industrial deregulation privatization of state-owned enterprises and reduced controls on foreign trade and investment began in the early 1990s and served to accelerate the country's growth which averaged under 7% per year from 1997 to 2011. India's economic growth began slowing in 2011 because of a decline in investment caused by high interest rates rising inflation and investor pessimism about the government's commitment to further economic reforms and about slow world growth. Rising macroeconomic imbalances in India and improving economic conditions in Western countries led investors to shift capital away from India prompting a sharp depreciation of the rupee.
Growth rebounded in 2014 and 2015 with both years exceeding 7%. Investors’ perceptions of India improved in early 2014 due to a reduction of the current account deficit and expectations of post-election economic reform resulting in a surge of inbound capital flows and stabilization of the rupee. Since the election economic reforms have focused on administrative and governance changes largely because the ruling party remains a minority in India’s upper house of Parliament which must approve most bills. Despite a high growth rate compared to the rest of the world in 2015 India’s government-owned banks faced mounting bad debt resulting in low credit growth and restrained economic growth.
The outlook for India's long-term growth is moderately positive due to a young population and corresponding low dependency ratio healthy savings and investment rates and increasing integration into the global economy. However India's discrimination against women and girls an inefficient power generation and distribution system ineffective enforcement of intellectual property rights decades-long civil litigation dockets inadequate transport and agricultural infrastructure limited non-agricultural employment opportunities high spending and poorly targeted subsidies inadequate availability of quality basic and higher education and accommodating rural-to-urban migration are significant long-term challenges.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:

$7.965 trillion (2015 est.)
$7.421 trillion (2014 est.)
$6.92 trillion (2013 est.)

Note: data are in 2015 US dollars
Rank: 4

Real gdp growth rate:

7.3% (2015 est.)
7.2% (2014 est.)
6.6% (2013 est.)

Rank: 10

Real gdp per capita:

$6,200 (2015 est.)
$5,800 (2014 est.)
$5,500 (2013 est.)

Note: data are in 2015 US dollars
Rank: 158

Gross national saving:

30.6% of GDP (2015 est.)
31.3% of GDP (2014 est.)
31.7% of GDP (2013 est.)

Rank: 28

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 59.6%
Government consumption: 10.6%
Investment in fixed capital: 29.3%
Investment in inventories: 3.1%
Exports of goods and services: 20%
Imports of goods and services: -22.5%

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 17%
Industry: 29.7%
Services: 45%

Agriculture products: rice wheat oilseed cotton jute tea sugarcane lentils onions potatoes; dairy products sheep goats poultry; fish

Industries: textiles chemicals food processing steel transportation equipment cement mining petroleum machinery software pharmaceuticals

Industrial production growth rate: 7.4% (2015 est.)
Rank: 24

Labor force: 501.8 million (2015 est.)
Rank: 2
By occupation agriculture: 49%
By occupation industry: 20%
By occupation services: 31%

Labor force

Unemployment rate:

8.4% (2015 est.)
9.3% (2014 est.)

Rank: 95

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: 29.8% (2010 est.)

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 3.6%
Highest 10: 31.1%

Distribution of family income gini index:

33.6 (2012)
37.8 (1997)

Rank: 101

Budget
Revenues: $193.4 billion
Expenditures: $276.4 billion
Surplus or deficit: -4% of GDP (2015 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 144

Taxes and other revenues: 9.3% of GDP (2015 est.)
Rank: 213

Public debt:

52.4% of GDP (2015 est.)
51.9% of GDP (2014 est.)

Note: data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds such as for retirement medical care and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Rank: 75

Revenue

Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March

Inflation rate consumer prices:

4.9% (2015 est.)
6.7% (2014 est.)

Rank: 172

Central bank discount rate:

7.75% (31 December 2014)
7.75% (31 December 2013)

Note: this is the Indian central bank's policy rate - the repurchase rate
Rank: 41

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

10.01% (31 December 2015 est.)
10.25% (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 81

Stock of narrow money:

$370.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$345.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 14

Stock of broad money:

$1.711 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
$1.612 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 10

Stock of domestic credit:

$1.57 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
$1.494 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 15

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$1.263 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
$1.015 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)
$1.616 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)

Rank: 11

Current account balance:

-$26.22 billion (2015 est.)
-$26.72 billion (2014 est.)

Rank: 188

Exports:

$272.4 billion (2015 est.)
$328.4 billion (2014 est.)

Rank: 20
Commodities: petroleum products precious stones vehicles machinery iron and steel chemicals pharmaceutical products cereals apparel
Partners: US 15.2% UAE 11.4% Hong Kong 4.6% (2015)

Imports:

$409.2 billion (2015 est.)
$472.4 billion (2014 est.)

Rank: 11
Commodities: crude oil precious stones machinery chemicals fertilizer plastics iron and steel
Partners: China 15.5% UAE 5.5% Saudi Arabia 5.4% Switzerland 5.3% US 5.2% (2015)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$351.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$322.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 11

Debt external:

$480.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$463.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 27

Stock of direct foreign investment at home:

$296.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$252.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 21

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad:

$139 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$131.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 31

Exchange rates:

Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar -
64.152 (2015 est.)
61.03 (2014 est.)
61.03 (2013 est.)
53.44 (2012 est.)
46.671 (2011 est.)

India - Energy 2016

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Electricity
Access population without electricity: 237,400,000
Access electrification total population: 79%
Access electrification urban areas: 98%
Access electrification rural areas: 70%
Production: 1.218 trillion kWh (2014 est.)
Production rank: 5
Consumption: 973 billion kWh (2014 est.)
Consumption rank: 6
Exports: 200 million kWh (2012 est.)
Exports rank: 91
Imports: 5 billion kWh (2014 est.)
Imports rank: 42
Installed generating capacity: 311 million kW (2014 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 5
Generation sources fossil fuels: 68.7% of total installed capacity (26 February 2014 )
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 113
Generation sources nuclear: 2% of total installed capacity (26 February 2014 )
Generation sources nuclear rank: 29
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 16.9% of total installed capacity (26 February 2014 )
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 98
Generation sources other renewable sources: 12.4% of total installed capacity (26 February 2014 )
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 26

Coal

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 761,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 25
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 140
Crude oil imports: 3.785 million bbl/day (2013 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 3
Crude oil proven reserves: 5.675 billion bbl (1 January 2016 es)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 23

Crude oil

Refined petroleum
Products production: 4.775 million bbl/day (2013 est.)
Products production rank: 5
Products consumption: 3.735 million bbl/day (2014 est.)
Products consumption rank: 5
Products exports: 1.471 million bbl/day (2013 est.)
Products exports rank: 7
Products imports: 401,900 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Products imports rank: 22

Natural gas
Production: 30.4 billion m³ (2014 est.)
Production rank: 27
Consumption: 52.1 billion m³ (2014 est.)
Consumption rank: 16
Exports: 0 m³ (2014 est.)
Exports rank: 118
Imports: 21.7 billion m³ (2014 est.)
Imports rank: 20
Proven reserves: 1.489 trillion m³ (1 January 2016 es)
Proven reserves rank: 23

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 1.887 billion Mt (2013 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 4

Energy consumption per capita

India - Communication 2016

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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 25.518 million
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2
Fixed lines rank: 13
Mobile cellular total: 1011.054 million
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 81
Mobile cellular rank: 2

Telephone system
General assessment: supported by recent deregulation and liberalization of telecommunications laws and policies India has emerged as one of the fastest-growing telecom markets in the world; total telephone subscribership base exceeded 1 billion in 2015 an overall teledensity of roughly 80% and subscribership is currently growing at roughly 5 million per month; urban teledensity now exceeds 100% and rural teledensity has reached 50%
Domestic: mobile cellular service introduced in 1994 and organized nationwide into four metropolitan areas and 19 telecom circles each with multiple private service providers and one or more state-owned service providers; in recent years significant trunk capacity added in the form of fiber-optic cable and one of the world's largest domestic satellite systems the Indian National Satellite system with 6 satellites supporting 33,000 very small aperture terminals (VSAT)
International: country code - 91; a number of major international submarine cable systems including SEA-ME-WE-3 with landing sites at Cochin and Mumbai SEA-ME-WE-4 with a landing site at Chennai Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) with a landing site at Mumbai (Bombay) South Africa - Far East (SAFE) with a landing site at Cochin the i2i cable network linking to Singapore with landing sites at Mumbai (Bombay) and Chennai (Madras) and Tata Indicom linking Singapore and Chennai (Madras) provide a significant increase in the bandwidth available for both voice and data traffic; satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region); 9 gateway exchanges operating from Mumbai (Bombay) New Delhi Kolkata (Calcutta) Chennai (Madras) Jalandhar Kanpur Gandhinagar Hyderabad and Ernakulam (2015)

Broadcast media: Doordarshan India's public TV network operates about 20 national regional and local services; a large and increasing number of privately owned TV stations are distributed by cable and satellite service providers; in 2015 more than 230 million homes had access to cable and satellite TV offering more than 700 TV channels; government controls AM radio with All India Radio operating domestic and external networks; news broadcasts via radio are limited to the All India Radio Network; since 2000 privately owned FM stations have been permitted and their numbers have increased rapidly (2015)

Internet
Country code: .in
Users total: 325.441 million
Users percent of population: 26%
Users rank: 4

Broadband fixed subscriptions

India - Military 2016

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Military expenditures:

2.4% of GDP (2014)
2.4% of GDP (2013)
2.5% of GDP (2012)
2.6% of GDP (2011)
2.7% of GDP (2010)

Rank: 31

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation: 16-18 years of age for voluntary military service (Army 17 1/2 Air Force 17 Navy 16 1/2); no conscription; women may join as officers currently serve in combat roles as pilots and will soon be allowed in all combat roles (2016)

Space program

Terrorist groups

India - Transportation 2016

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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 20
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 485
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 98,927,860
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 1,833,847,614 mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: VT (2016)

Airports: 346 (2013)
Rank: 21
With paved runways total: 253
With paved runways over 3047 m: 22
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 59
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 76
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 82
With paved runways under 914 m: 14
With unpaved runways total: 93
With unpaved runways over 3047 m: 1
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 3
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 6
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 38
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 45

Heliports: 45 (2013)

Pipelines: condensate/gas 9 km; gas 13,581 km; liquid petroleum gas 2,054 km; oil 8,943 km; oil/gas/water 20 km; refined products 11,069 km (2013)

Railways
Total: 68,525 km
Broad gauge: 58,404 km 1.676-m gauge
Narrow gauge: 9,499 km 1.000-m gauge; 622 km 0.762-m gauge
Rank: 5

Roadways
Total: 4,699,024 km
Note: includes 96,214 km of national highways and expressways 147,800 km of state highways and 4,455,010 km of other roads
Rank: 2

Waterways: 14,500 km (5,200 km on major rivers and 485 km on canals suitable for mechanized vessels) (2012)
Rank: 9

Merchant marine
Total: 340
By type: bulk carrier 104 cargo 78 chemical tanker 22 container 14 liquefied gas 11 passenger 4 passenger/cargo 15 petroleum tanker 92
Foreign owned: 10
Registered in other countries: 76 (2010)
Rank: 29

Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Chennai Jawaharal Nehru Port Kandla Kolkata Mumbai (Bombay) Sikka Vishakhapatnam
Container port: Chennai (1,558,343) Jawaharal Nehru Port (4,307,622)
LNG terminal: Dabhol Dahej Hazira

India - Transnational issues 2016

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Disputes international:

since China and India launched a security and foreign policy dialogue in 2005 consolidated discussions related to the dispute over most of their rugged militarized boundary regional nuclear proliferation Indian claims that China transferred missiles to Pakistan and other matters continue
Kashmir remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin) India (Jammu and Kashmir) and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas)
India and Pakistan resumed bilateral dialogue in February 2011 after a two-year hiatus have maintained the 2003 cease-fire in Kashmir and continue to have disputes over water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries
UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary India and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show its Junagadh claim in Indian Gujarat State; Prime Minister Singh's September 2011 visit to Bangladesh resulted in the signing of a Protocol to the 1974 Land Boundary Agreement between India and Bangladesh which had called for the settlement of longstanding boundary disputes over undemarcated areas and the exchange of territorial enclaves but which had never been implemented; Bangladesh referred its maritime boundary claims with Burma and India to the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea; Joint Border Committee with Nepal continues to examine contested boundary sections including the 400 km² dispute over the source of the Kalapani River; India maintains a strict border regime to keep out Maoist insurgents and control illegal cross-border activities from Nepal

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees: 110,098 (Tibet/China); 64,208 (Sri Lanka); 15,735 (Burma); 10,196 (Afghanistan) (2015)
IDPs: 612,000 (2015)

Illicit drugs: world's largest producer of licit opium for the pharmaceutical trade but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit international drug markets; transit point for illicit narcotics produced in neighboring countries and throughout Southwest Asia; illicit producer of methaqualone; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through the hawala system; licit ketamine and precursor production