Map of Monaco | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling GRIMALDI family first seized temporary control in 1297 and again in 1331 but was not able to permanently secure its holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then the principality's mild climate splendid scenery and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.


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Location: Western Europe bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France near the border with Italy

Geographic coordinates: 43 44 N 7 24 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 2 km²
Land: 2 km²
Water: 0 km²
Rank: 254
Comparative: about three times the size of the National Mall in Washington DC

Land boundaries
Total: 6 km
Border countries: (1) France 6 km

Coastline: 4.1 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 12 nm

Climate: Mediterranean with mild wet winters and hot dry summers

Terrain: hilly rugged rocky

Elevation
Mean elevation: NA
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m: highest point: Mont Agel 140 m

Natural resources: none

Land use
Agricultural land: 1%
Forest: 0%
Other: 99%

Irrigated land: 0 km² (2012)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: NA

Geography
Note: second-smallest independent state in the world (after the Holy See); smallest country with a coastline; almost entirely urban


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Population
Distribution: the most densely populated country in the world; its entire population living on 2 square km: 30,581 (July 2016 est.)
Note: immigrants make up more than 55% of the total population according to UN data
Rank: 218
Growth rate: 0.18% (2016 est.)
Growth rate rank: 189
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Noun: Monegasque or Monacan
Adjective: Monegasque or Monacan

Ethnic groups: French (official) 47% Monegasque 16% Italian 16% other 21%

Languages: French (official) English Italian Monegasque

Religions: Roman Catholic 90% (official) other 10%

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 11.08%
15-24 years: 9.13%
25-54 years: 33.68%
55-64 years: 14.79%
65 years and over: 31.33% (2016 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age
Total: 52.4 years
Male: 51.1 years
Female: 53.7 years
Rank: 1

Population growth rate: 0.18% (2016 est.)
Rank: 189

Birth rate: 6.6 births/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 226

Death rate: 9.6 deaths/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 50

Net migration rate: 4.7 migrant(s)/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 26

Population distribution: the most densely populated country in the world; its entire population living on 2 square km

Urbanization
Urban population: 100% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 0.79% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: MONACO (capital) 38,000 (2014)

Environment
Current issues: NA
International agreements party to: Air Pollution Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea Marine Dumping Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution Wetlands Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.04 male/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male/female
15-24 years: 1.06 male/female
25-54 years: 1 male/female
55-64 years: 0.99 male/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male/female
Total population: 0.95 male/female

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 1.8 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 2.1 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 1.6 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 225

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 89.5 years
Male: 85.6 years
Female: 93.5 years
Rank: 1

Total fertility rate: 1.53 children born/woman (2016 est.)
Rank: 193

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source:

Current health expenditure

Physicians density: 7.17 physicians/1000 population (2012)

Hospital bed density: 13.8 beds/1000 population (2012)

Sanitation facility access:

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: NA
People living with hivaids: NA
Deaths: NA

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures: 1% of GDP (2014)
Rank: 169

Literacy

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
Conventional short form: Monaco
Local long form: Principaute de Monaco
Local short form: Monaco
Etymology: founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C. the name derives from two Greek words 'monos' and 'oikos' (house) to convey the sense of a people 'living apart' or in a 'single habitation'

Government type: constitutional monarchy

Capital
Name: Monaco
Geographic coordinates: 43 44 N 7 25 E
Time difference: UTC+1
Daylight saving time: +1hr begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions: none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government but there are 4 quarters (quartiers singular - quartier); Fontvieille La Condamine Monaco-Ville Monte-Carlo; note - Moneghetti a part of La Condamine is sometimes called the 5th quarter of Monaco

Dependent areas

Independence: 1419 (beginning of permanent rule by the House of GRIMALDI)

National holiday: National Day (Saint Rainier's Day) 19 November (1857)

Constitution: previous 1911 (suspended 1959); latest adopted 17 December 1962; amended 2002 (2016)

Legal system: civil law system influenced by French legal tradition

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Monaco; in the case of a child born out of wedlock the mother must be a citizen and father unknown
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Prince ALBERT II
Head of government: Minister of State Serge TELLE
Cabinet: Council of Government under the authority of the monarch
Electionsappointments: the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral National Council or Conseil National
Elections: last held on 10 February 2013
Election results: percent of vote by party - Horizon Monaco 50.3% Union Monegasque 39% Renaissance 10.7%; seats by party - Horizon Monaco 20 Union Monegasque 3 Renaissance 1

Judicial branch
Highest court: Supreme Court
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court members appointed by the monarch upon the proposals of the National Council State Council Crown Council Court of Appeal and Trial Court
Subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; Civil Court of First Instance

Political parties and leaders:

International organization participation: CD CE FAO IAEA ICAO ICC (national committees) ICRM IFRCS IHO IMO IMSO Interpol IOC IPU ITSO ITU OAS (observer) OIF OPCW OSCE Schengen Convention (de facto member) UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO Union Latina UNWTO UPU WHO WIPO WMO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Maguy MACCARIO-DOYLE
In the us chancery: 3,400 International Drive NW Suite 2K-100 Washington DC 20,008
In the us telephone: 234-1530
In the us FAX: 244-7,656
In the us consulate general: New York
From the us: the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) under the authority of the US ambassador to France handles diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; the colors are those of the ruling House of Grimaldi and have been in use since 1339 making the flag one of the world's oldest national banners
Note: similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white and red

National symbols: red and white lozenges (diamond shapes); national colors: red white

National anthem
Name: 'A Marcia de Muneghu'
Lyrics and music: Louis NOTARI/Charles ALBRECHT
Note: music adopted 1867 lyrics adopted 1931; although French is commonly spoken only the Monegasque lyrics are official; the French version is known as 'Hymne Monegasque' ; the words are generally only sung on official occasions

National heritage


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Economy overview:

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Rank: 166

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 5

Real gdp per capita:
Rank: 9

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 0%
Industry: 14%
Services: 86%

Agriculture products: none

Industries: banking insurance tourism construction small-scale industrial and consumer products

Industrial production growth rate: 20% (2013)
Rank: 2

Labor force: 52,000
Note: includes all foreign workers
Rank: 190
By occupation agriculture: 0%
By occupation industry: 16.1%
By occupation services: 83.9%

Unemployment rate: 2% (2012)
Rank: 13

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: NA%

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: NA%
Highest 10: NA%

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $1.075 billion
Expenditures: $1.144 billion
Surplus or deficit: -1.1% of GDP (2011 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 61

Taxes and other revenues: 17.7% of GDP (2011 est.)
Rank: 175

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 1.5% (2010)
Rank: 109

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares: $N/A

Current account balance

Exports:
Note: full customs integration with France which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Rank: 156
Partners: Europe 73.2% Africa 14.6% America 5.2% Asia 4.9% (2013 est.)

Imports:
Note: full customs integration with France which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Rank: 177
Partners: Europe 70.4% Asia 20.8% America 4.4% Africa 4.1% (2013 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $N/A

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100%

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 49,085
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 130
Fixed lines rank: 162
Mobile cellular total: 34,000
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 90
Mobile cellular rank: 207

Telephone system
General assessment: modern automatic telephone system; the country's sole fixed-line operator offers a full range of services to residential and business customers
Domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 200 per 100 persons
International: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system

Broadcast media: TV Monte-Carlo operates a TV network; cable TV available; Radio Monte-Carlo has extensive radio networks in France and Italy with French-language broadcasts to France beginning in the 1960s and Italian-language broadcasts to Italy beginning in the 1970s; other radio stations include Riviera Radio and Radio Monaco (2012)

Internet
Country code: .mc
Users total: 35,000
Users percent of population: 93.4%
Users rank: 199

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 3A (2016)

Airports

Heliports: 1 (2012)

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways
Total: 77 km
Paved: 77 km
Rank: 218

Waterways

Merchant marine
Registered in other countries: 64 (2010)
Rank: 63

Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Monaco


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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs