Statistical information Serbia 2016

Serbia in the World

Serbia - Introduction 2016

The Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes was formed in 1918; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Communist Partisans resisted the Axis occupation and division of Yugoslavia from 1941 to 1945 and fought nationalist opponents and collaborators as well. The military and political movement headed by Josip Broz 'TITO' (Partisans) took full control of Yugoslavia when their domestic rivals and the occupiers were defeated in 1945. Although communists TITO and his successors (Tito died in 1980) managed to steer their own path between the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for the next four and a half decades. In 1989 Slobodan MILOSEVIC became president of the Republic of Serbia and his ultranationalist calls for Serbian domination led to the violent breakup of Yugoslavia along ethnic lines. In 1991 Croatia Slovenia and Macedonia declared independence followed by Bosnia in 1992. The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in April 1992 and under MILOSEVIC's leadership Serbia led various military campaigns to unite ethnic Serbs in neighboring republics into a 'Greater Serbia.' These actions ultimately failed and after international intervention led to the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords in 1995.
MILOSEVIC retained control over Serbia and eventually became president of the FRY in 1997. In 1998 an ethnic Albanian insurgency in the formerly autonomous Serbian province of Kosovo provoked a Serbian counterinsurgency campaign that resulted in massacres and massive expulsions of ethnic Albanians living in Kosovo. The MILOSEVIC government's rejection of a proposed international settlement led to NATO's bombing of Serbia in the spring of 1999. Serbian military and police forces withdrew from Kosovo in June 1999 and the UN Security Council authorized an interim UN administration and a NATO-led security force in Kosovo. FRY elections in late 2000 led to the ouster of MILOSEVIC and the installation of democratic government. In 2003 the FRY became the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro a loose federation of the two republics. Widespread violence predominantly targeting ethnic Serbs in Kosovo in March 2004 led to more intense calls to address Kosovo's status and the UN began facilitating status talks in 2006. In June 2006 Montenegro seceded from the federation and declared itself an independent nation. Serbia subsequently gave notice that it was the successor state to the union of Serbia and Montenegro.
In February 2008 after nearly two years of inconclusive negotiations Kosovo declared itself independent of Serbia - an action Serbia refuses to recognize. At Serbia's request the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in October 2008 sought an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on whether Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence was in accordance with international law. In a ruling considered unfavorable to Serbia the ICJ issued an advisory opinion in July 2010 stating that international law did not prohibit declarations of independence. In late 2010 Serbia agreed to an EU-drafted UNGA Resolution acknowledging the ICJ's decision and calling for a new round of talks between Serbia and Kosovo this time on practical issues rather than Kosovo's status. Serbia and Kosovo signed the first agreement of principles governing the normalization of relations between the two countries in April 2013 and are in the process of implementing its provisions. Prime Minister Aleksandar VUCIC has promoted an ambitious goal of Serbia joining the EU by 2020. Under his leadership in January 2014 Serbia opened formal negotiations for accession.

Serbia - Geography 2016

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Location: Southeastern Europe between Macedonia and Hungary

Geographic coordinates: 44 00 N 21 00 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 77,474 km²
Land: 77,474 km²
Water: 0 km²
Rank: 117
Comparative: slightly smaller than South Carolina

Land boundaries
Total: 2,322 km
Border countries: (8) Bosnia and Herzegovina 345 km; Bulgaria 344 km; Croatia 314 km; Hungary 164 km; Kosovo 366 km; Macedonia 101 km; Montenegro 157 km; Romania 531 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: in the north continental climate (cold winters and hot humid summers with well-distributed rainfall); in other parts continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot dry summers and autumns)

Terrain: extremely varied; to the north rich fertile plains; to the east limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast ancient mountains and hills

Elevation
Mean elevation: 442 m
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Danube and Timok Rivers 35 m: highest point: Midzor 2,169 m

Natural resources: oil gas coal iron ore copper zinc antimony chromite gold silver magnesium pyrite limestone marble salt arable land

Land use

Land use
Agricultural land: 57.9%

arable land: 37.7%
permanent crops: 3.4%
permanent pasture: 16.8%

Forest: 31.6%
Other: 10.5%

Irrigated land: 950 km² (2012)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: destructive earthquakes

Geography
Note: controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East

Serbia - People 2016

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Population
Distribution: a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations: 7,143,921
Note: does not include the population of Kosovo
Rank: 103
Growth rate: -0.46% (2016 est.)
Growth rate rank: 224
Below poverty line: 9.2% (2013 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Serb
Adjective: Serbian

Ethnic groups: Serb 83.3% Hungarian 3.5% Romany 2.1% Bosniak 2% other 5.7% undeclared or unknown 3.4% (2011 est.)

Languages: Serbian (official) 88.1% Hungarian 3.4% Bosnian 1.9% Romany 1.4% other 3.4% undeclared or unknown 1.8%
Note: Serbian Hungarian Slovak Romanian Croatian and Rusyn are official in Vojvodina

Religions: Serbian Orthodox 84.6% Catholic 5% Muslim 3.1% Protestant 1% atheist 1.1% other 0.8% undeclared or unknown 4.5% (2011 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure

Age structure
0-14 years: 14.64%
15-24 years: 11.34%
25-54 years: 41.41%
55-64 years: 14.58%
65 years and over: 18.03% (2016 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 50.1%
Youth dependency ratio: 24.5%
Elderly dependency ratio: 25.6%
Potential support ratio: 3.9%

Median age
Total: 42.3 years
Male: 40.7 years
Female: 44 years
Rank: 26

Population growth rate: -0.46% (2016 est.)
Rank: 224

Birth rate: 9 births/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 211

Death rate: 13.6 deaths/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 9

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 95

Population distribution: a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations

Urbanization
Urban population: 55.6% of total population
Rate of urbanization: -0.34% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: BELGRADE (capital) 1.182 million (2015)

Environment
Current issues: air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube
International agreements party to: Air Pollution Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea Marine Dumping Marine Life Conservation Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.07 male/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male/female
15-24 years: 1.06 male/female
25-54 years: 1.02 male/female
55-64 years: 0.93 male/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male/female
Total population: 0.95 male/female

Mothers mean age at first birth: 27.8 (2013 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 5.9 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 6.8 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 5 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 168

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 75.5 years
Male: 72.6 years
Female: 78.5 years
Rank: 103

Total fertility rate: 1.43 children born/woman (2016 est.)
Rank: 207

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 60.8% (2010)

Drinking water source:

urban: 99.4% of population
rural: 98.9% of population
total: 99.2% of population
urban: 0.6% of population
rural: 1.1% of population
total: 0.8% of population (2015 est.)

Current health expenditure

Physicians density: 2.11 physicians/1000 population (2009)

Hospital bed density: 5.4 beds/1000 population (2009)

Sanitation facility access:

urban: 98.2% of population
rural: 94.2% of population
total: 96.4% of population
urban: 1.8% of population
rural: 5.8% of population
total: 3.6% of population (2015 est.)

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: 0.05% (2013 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 121
People living with hivaids: 3,000 (2013 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 115
Deaths: 100 (2013 est.)
Deaths rank: 111

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: intermediate
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 21.1% (2014)
Rank: 63

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 1.8% (2014)
Rank: 125

Education expenditures: 4.4% of GDP (2012)
Rank: 82

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 98.1%
Male: 99.1%
Female: 97.2%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 14 years
Male: 14 years
Female: 15 years

Youth unemployment

Serbia - Government 2016

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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Serbia
Conventional short form: Serbia
Local long form: Republika Srbija
Local short form: Srbija
Former: People's Republic of Serbia Socialist Republic of Serbia
Etymology: the origin of the name in uncertain but seems to be related to the name of the West Slavic Sorbs who reside in the Lusatian region in present-day eastern Germany; by tradition the Serbs migrated from that region to the Balkans in about the 6th century A.D.

Government type: parliamentary republic

Capital
Name: Belgrade
Geographic coordinates: 44 50 N 20 30 E
Time difference: UTC+1
Daylight saving time: +1hr begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions: 119 municipalities (opstine singular - opstina) and 26 cities (gradovi singular - grad)
Municipalities: Ada* Aleksandrovac Aleksinac Alibunar* Apatin* Arandelovac Arilje Babusnica Bac* Backa Palanka* Backa Topola* Backi Petrovac* Bajina Basta Batocina Becej* Bela Crkva* Bela Palanka Beocin* Blace Bogatic Bojnik Boljevac Bor Bosilegrad Brus Bujanovac Cajetina Cicevac Coka* Crna Trava Cuprija Despotovac Dimitrov Doljevac Gadzin Han Golubac Gornji Milanovac Indija* Irig* Ivanjica Kanjiza* Kladovo Knic Knjazevac Koceljeva Kosjeric Kovacica* Kovin* Krupanj Kucevo Kula* Kursumlija Lajkovac Lapovo Lebane Ljig Ljubovija Lucani Majdanpek Mali Idos* Mali Zvornik Malo Crnice Medveda Merosina Mionica Negotin Nova Crnja* Nova Varos Novi Becej* Novi Knezevac* Odzaci* Opovo* Osecina Paracin Pecinci* Petrovac na Mlavi Plandiste* Pozega Presevo Priboj Prijepolje Prokuplje Raca Raska Razanj Rekovac Ruma* Secanj* Senta* Sid* Sjenica Smederevska Palanka Sokobanja Srbobran* Sremski Karlovci* Stara Pazova* Surdulica Svilajnac Svrljig Temerin* Titel* Topola Trgoviste Trstenik Tutin Ub Varvarin Velika Plana Veliko Gradiste Vladicin Han Vladimirci Vlasotince Vrbas* Vrnjacka Banja Zabalj* Zabari Zagubica Zitiste* Zitorada
Cities: Beograd Cacak Jagodina Kikinda* Kragujevac Kraljevo Krusevac Leskovac Loznica Nis Novi Pazar Novi Sad* Pancevo* Pirot Pozarevac Sabac Smederevo Sombor* Sremska Mitrovica* Subotica* Uzice Valjevo Vranje Vrsac Zajecar Zrenjanin*
Note: the northern 39 municipalities and 6 cities - about 28% of Serbia's area - compose the autonomous province of Vojvodina and are indicated with *

Dependent areas

Independence: 5 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro)

National holiday: National Day 15 February (1835) the day the first constitution of the country was adopted

Constitution: many previous; latest approved by referendum 28-29 October 2006 adopted 30 September 2006 effective 8 November 2006; note - proposed amendments to establish a special court for war crimes were defeated in June 2015 by the National Assembly (2016)

Legal system: civil law system

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Serbia
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age 16 if employed; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Tomislav NIKOLIC
Head of government: Prime Minister Aleksandar VUCIC
Cabinet: Cabinet elected by the National Assembly
Electionsappointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term ; election last held on 20 May 2012 (next to be held in 2017); prime minister elected by the National Assembly
Election results: Tomislav NIKOLIC elected president; percent of vote in second round - Tomislav NIKOLIC 51.2% Boris TADIC (NDS-Z) 48.8%

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral National Assembly or Narodna Skupstina
Elections: last held on 24 April 2016
Election results: percent of vote by party/coalition - Serbia is Winning 48.2% SPS-JS-ZS-KP 11.0% SRS 8.1% For a Just Serbia 6.0% Enough is Enough 6.0% Alliance for a Better Serbia 5.0% Dveri-DSS 5.0% SVM 1.5% other 9.2%; seats by party/coalition Serbia is Winning 131 SPS-JS-ZS-KP 29 SRS 22 For a Just Serbia 16 Enough is Enough 16 Alliance for a Better Serbia 13 Dveri-DSS 13 SVM 4 other 6

Judicial branch
Highest court: Supreme Court of Cassation ; Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court justices proposed by the High Judicial Council an 11-member body of which 7 are judges and elected by the National Assembly; Constitutional Court judges appointed - 5 each by the National Assembly the president and the Supreme Court of Cassation; judges of both courts appointed to permanent tenure by the HJC
Subordinate courts: appellate courts higher courts and municipal and district courts; courts of special jurisdiction include the Administrative Court Appellate Commercial Court and 2 levels of misdemeanor courts
Note: in 2003 specialized panels on war crimes were established within the Serbian court system; the panels have jurisdiction over alleged violations of the Basic Criminal Code and crimes against humanity international law and criminal acts as defined by the Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

Political parties and leaders:

Social Democratic Party of Serbia or SDPS [Rasim LJAJIC]
Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC]
Strength of Serbia or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC]
Together for Serbia or ZZS [Dusan PETROVIC]
Together for Sumadija [Veroljub STEVANOVIC]

Note: as of April 2016 Serbia had 111 registered political parties and citizens' associations

International organization participation: BIS BSEC CD CE CEI EAPC EBRD EU (candidate country) FAO G-9 IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC (national committees) ICCt ICRM IDA IFC IFRCS IHO ILO IMF IMO IMSO Interpol IOC IOM IPU ISO ITSO ITU ITUC (NGOs) MIGA MONUSCO NAM (observer) NSG OAS (observer) OIF (observer) OPCW OSCE PCA PFP SELEC UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNFICYP UNHCR UNIDO UNIFIL UNMIL UNOCI UNTSO UNWTO UPU WCO WHO WIPO WMO WTO (observer)

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Djerdj MATKOVIC
In the us chancery: 2,233 Wisconsin Ave NW
In the us telephone: [1] 332-0333
In the us FAX: [1] 332-3,933
In the us consulate general: Chicago New York
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Kyle SCOTT
From the us embassy: 92 Bulevar kneza Aleksandra Karadjordjevica 11,040 Belgrade Serbia
From the us mailing address: 5,070 Belgrade Place Washington DC 20,521-5,070
From the us telephone: [381] 706-4,000
From the us FAX: [381] 706-4,005

Flag description

: three equal horizontal stripes of red (top) blue and white - the Pan-Slav colors representing freedom and revolutionary ideals; charged with the coat of arms of Serbia shifted slightly to the hoist side; the principal field of the coat of arms represents the Serbian state and displays a white two-headed eagle on a red shield; a smaller red shield on the eagle represents the Serbian nation and is divided into four quarters by a white cross; interpretations vary as to the meaning and origin of the white curved symbols resembling firesteels or Cyrillic 'C's' in each quarter; a royal crown surmounts the coat of arms
Note: the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia

National symbols: double-headed eagle; national colors: red blue white

National anthem
Name: 'Boze pravde'
Lyrics and music: Jovan DORDEVIC/Davorin JENKO
Note: adopted 1904; song originally written as part of a play in 1872 and has been used as an anthem by the Serbian people throughout the 20th and 21st centuries

National heritage

Serbia - Economy 2016

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Economy overview:

Serbia has a transitional economy largely dominated by market forces but the state sector remains significant in certain areas and many institutional reforms are needed. The economy relies on manufacturing and exports driven largely by foreign investment. MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy an extended period of international economic sanctions civil war and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy only half the size it was in 1990.
After former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC was ousted in September 2000 the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government implemented stabilization measures and embarked on a market reform program. Serbia renewed its membership in the IMF in December 2000 and rejoined the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Serbia has made progress in trade liberalization and enterprise restructuring and privatization but many large enterprises - including the power utilities telecommunications company natural gas company and others - remain state-owned. Serbia has made some progress towards EU membership signing a Stabilization and Association Agreement with Brussels in May 2008 and with full implementation of the Interim Trade Agreement with the EU in February 2010 gained candidate status in March 2012. In January 2014 Serbia's EU accession talks officially opened. Serbia's negotiations with the WTO are advanced with the country's complete ban on the trade and cultivation of agricultural biotechnology products representing the primary remaining obstacle to accession. Serbia's program with the IMF was frozen in early 2012 because the 2012 budget approved by parliament deviated from the program parameters; the arrangement is now void. In late 2014 Serbia and the IMF announced a tentative plan for a precautionary loan worth approximately $1 billion but the government will be challenged to implement IMF-mandated reforms that will target social spending and the large public sector.
High unemployment and stagnant household incomes are ongoing political and economic problems. Structural economic reforms needed to ensure the country's long-term prosperity have largely stalled since the onset of the global financial crisis. Growing budget deficits constrain the use of stimulus efforts to revive the economy and contribute to growing concern of a public debt crisis given that Serbia's total public debt as a share of GDP more than doubled between 2008 and 2014. Serbia's concerns about inflation and exchange-rate stability preclude the use of expansionary monetary policy. During 2014 the SNS party addressed issues with the fiscal deficit state-owned enterprises the labor market construction permits bankruptcy and privatization and other areas.
Major challenges ahead include: high unemployment rates and the need for job creation; high government expenditures for salaries pensions healthcare and unemployment benefits; a growing need for new government borrowing; rising public and private foreign debt; attracting new foreign direct investment; and getting the IMF program back on track. Other serious longer-term challenges include an inefficient judicial system high levels of corruption and an aging population. Factors favorable to Serbia's economic growth include its strategic location a relatively inexpensive and skilled labor force and free trade agreements with the EU Russia Turkey and countries that are members of the Central European Free Trade Agreement.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:

$97.5 billion (2015 est.)
$96.78 billion (2014 est.)
$98.59 billion (2013 est.)

Note: data are in 2015 US dollars
Rank: 83

Real gdp growth rate:

0.7% (2015 est.)
-1.8% (2014 est.)
2.6% (2013 est.)

Rank: 182

Real gdp per capita:

$13,700 (2015 est.)
$13,600 (2014 est.)
$13,800 (2013 est.)

Note: data are in 2015 US dollars
Rank: 116

Gross national saving:

12.2% of GDP (2015 est.)
11.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
11.5% of GDP (2013 est.)

Rank: 134

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 81.4%
Government consumption: 11.4%
Investment in fixed capital: 18.1%
Investment in inventories: -1.1%
Exports of goods and services: 47.7%
Imports of goods and services: -57.4%

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 9.5%
Industry: 41.9%
Services: 48.6%

Agriculture products: wheat maize sunflower sugar beets grapes/wine fruits (raspberries apples sour cherries) vegetables (tomatoes peppers potatoes) beef pork and meat products milk and dairy products

Industries: automobiles base metals furniture food processing machinery chemicals sugar tires clothes pharmaceuticals

Industrial production growth rate: 4.7% (2015 est.)
Rank: 43

Labor force: 2.9 million (2015 est.)
Rank: 104
By occupation agriculture: 21.9%
By occupation industry: 15.6%
By occupation services: 62.5%

Labor force

Unemployment rate:

19.3% (2015 est.)
19.7% (2014 est.)

Rank: 168

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: 9.2% (2013 est.)

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index:

38.7 (2014 est.)
28.2 (2008 est.)

Rank: 71

Budget
Revenues: $15.58 billion
Expenditures: $16.95 billion
Note: this is the consolidated budget including both central government and local goverment budgets
Surplus or deficit: -3.8% of GDP (2015 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 137

Taxes and other revenues: 42.7% of GDP (2015 est.)
Rank: 32

Public debt:

77% of GDP (2015 est.)
70.4% of GDP (2014 est.)

Note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued or owned by government entities other than the treasury ; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities (for which the GOS also issued guarantees) as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds such as for retirement medical care and unemployment debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Rank: 33

Revenue

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices:

1.5% (2015 est.)
2.1% (2014 est.)

Rank: 104

Central bank discount rate:

9.5% (18 March 2014)
11.75% (6 February 2013)

Rank: 28

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

11% (31 December 2015 est.)
14.81% (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 73

Stock of narrow money:

$4.535 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$4.332 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 104

Stock of broad money:

$18.37 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$18.75 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 91

Stock of domestic credit:

$19.81 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$20.59 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 85

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$7.696 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$8.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$7.451 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Rank: 77

Current account balance:

-$1.765 billion (2015 est.)
-$2.632 billion (2014 est.)

Rank: 141

Exports:

$12.6 billion (2015 est.)
$14.14 billion (2014 est.)

Rank: 77
Commodities: iron and steel rubber clothes wheat fruit and vegetables nonferrous metals electric appliances metal products weapons and ammunition automobiles
Partners: Italy 16.2% Germany 12.6% Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.7% Romania 5.6% Russia 5.4% (2015)

Imports:

$17.03 billion (2015 est.)
$19.58 billion (2014 est.)

Rank: 78
Commodities: machinery and transport equipment fuels and lubricants manufactured goods chemicals food and live animals raw materials
Partners: Germany 12.4% Italy 10.6% Russia 9.6% China 8.5% Hungary 4.8% Poland 4.2% (2015)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$11.35 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$12.05 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 74

Debt external:

$32.44 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$33.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 74

Stock of direct foreign investment at home:

$36.67 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
$11.95 billion (2006 est.)

Rank: 62

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad: $N/A

Exchange rates:

Serbian dinars (RSD) per US dollar -
108.811 (2015 est.)
88.405 (2014 est.)
88.405 (2013 est.)
87.99 (2012 est.)
72.455 (2011 est.)

Serbia - Energy 2016

Serbia - Communication 2016

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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 2,770,462
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39
Fixed lines rank: 51
Mobile cellular total: 9.156 million
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 128
Mobile cellular rank: 89

Telephone system
General assessment: replacements of and upgrades to telecommunications equipment damaged during the 1999 war resulted in a modern digitalized telecommunications system
Domestic: wireless service available through multiple providers with national coverage is growing very rapidly; best telecommunications services are centered in urban centers; 3G mobile network launched in 2007
International: country code - 381

Broadcast media

Internet
Country code: .rs
Users total: 4.688 million
Users percent of population: 65.3%
Users rank: 83

Broadband fixed subscriptions

Serbia - Military 2016

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Military expenditures:

1.37% of GDP (2016 est.)
1.41% of GDP (2015)
1.49% of GDP (2014)
1.48% of GDP (2013)
1.77% of GDP (2012)

Rank: 36

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished December 2010; reserve obligation to age 60 for men and age 50 for women (2013)

Space program

Terrorist groups

Serbia - Transportation 2016

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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 2
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 21
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 2,424,886
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 2.748 million mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: YU (2016)

Airports: 26 (2013)
Rank: 127
With paved runways total: 10
With paved runways over 3047 m: 2
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 3
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 3
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 2
With unpaved runways total: 16
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 10
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 5

Heliports: 2 (2012)

Pipelines

Railways
Total: 3,808 km
Standard gauge: 3,808 km 1.435-m gauge (2014)
Rank: 46

Roadways
Total: 44,248 km
Paved: 28,000 km
Unpaved: 16,248 km
Rank: 80

Waterways: 587 km (primarily on the Danube and Sava rivers) (2009)
Rank: 80

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals
River port: Belgrade

Serbia - Transnational issues 2016

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Disputes international: Serbia with several other states protest the US and other states' recognition of Kosovo's declaration of its status as a sovereign and independent state in February 2008; ethnic Serbian municipalities along Kosovo's northern border challenge final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; several thousand NATO-led Kosovo Force peacekeepers under UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo authority continue to keep the peace within Kosovo between the ethnic Albanian majority and the Serb minority in Kosovo; Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees: 25,996 (Croatia); 9,288 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (2015)
IDPs: 220,002 ; some RAE IDPs are unregistered) (2015)
Stateless persons: 2,700 (2015)
Note: 670,425 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals

Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering

Serbia
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