Statistical information Mongolia 2017
Mongolia in the World
Mongolia - Introduction 2017
top of pageBackground:
The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAAN they established a huge Eurasian empire through conquest. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and in the late 17th century came under Chinese rule. Mongolia declared its independence from the Manchu-led Qing Empire in 1911 and achieved limited autonomy until 1919 when it again came under Chinese control. The Mongolian Revolution of 1921 ended Chinese dominance and a communist regime the Mongolian People’s Republic took power in 1924.
The modern country of Mongolia however represents only part of the Mongols' historical homeland; today more ethnic Mongolians live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China than in Mongolia. Since the country's peaceful democratic revolution in 1990 the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) - which took the name Mongolian People’s Party (MPP) in 2010 - has competed for political power with the Democratic Party (DP) and several other smaller parties including a new party formed by former President ENKHBAYAR which confusingly adopted for itself the MPRP name. In the country's most recent parliamentary elections in June 2016 Mongolians handed the MPP overwhelming control of Parliament largely pushing out the DP which had overseen a sharp decline in Mongolia’s economy during its control of Parliament in the preceding years. Mongolians elected a DP member Khaltmaa BATTULGA as president in 2017.
The modern country of Mongolia however represents only part of the Mongols' historical homeland; today more ethnic Mongolians live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China than in Mongolia. Since the country's peaceful democratic revolution in 1990 the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) - which took the name Mongolian People’s Party (MPP) in 2010 - has competed for political power with the Democratic Party (DP) and several other smaller parties including a new party formed by former President ENKHBAYAR which confusingly adopted for itself the MPRP name. In the country's most recent parliamentary elections in June 2016 Mongolians handed the MPP overwhelming control of Parliament largely pushing out the DP which had overseen a sharp decline in Mongolia’s economy during its control of Parliament in the preceding years. Mongolians elected a DP member Khaltmaa BATTULGA as president in 2017.
Mongolia - Geography 2017
top of pageLocation: Northern Asia between China and Russia
Geographic coordinates: 46 00 N 105 00 E
Map reference: Asia
Area
Total: 1,564,116 km²
Land: 1,553,556 km²
Water: 10,560 km²
Rank: 20
Comparative: slightly smaller than Alaska; more than twice the size of Texas
Land boundaries
Total: 8,082 km
Border countries: (2) China 4,630 km; Russia 3,452 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Terrain: vast semidesert and desert plains grassy steppe mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Elevation
Mean elevation: 1528 m
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Hoh Nuur 560 m: highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Khuiten Peak) 4,374 m
Natural resources: oil coal copper molybdenum tungsten phosphates tin nickel zinc fluorspar gold silver iron
Land use
Land use
Agricultural land: 73%
arable land: 0.4%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pasture: 72.6%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pasture: 72.6%
Forest: 7%
Other: 20%
Irrigated land: 840 km² (2012)
Major rivers
Major watersheds area km²
Total water withdrawal
Total renewable water resources
Natural hazards: dust storms; grassland and forest fires; drought; 'zud' which is harsh winter conditions
Geography
Note: landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia
Mongolia - People 2017
top of pagePopulation
Distribution: sparsely distributed population throughout the country; the capital of Ulaanbaatar and the northern city of Darhan support the highest population densities: 3,068,243
Note: Mongolia is one of the least densely populated countries in the world ; twice as many ethnic Mongols (some 6 million) live in Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol) in neighboring China (July 2017 est.)
Rank: 135
Growth rate: 1.18% (2017 est.)
Growth rate rank: 93
Below poverty line: 21.6% (2014 est.)
Nationality
Noun: Mongolian
Adjective: Mongolian
Ethnic groups: Khalkh 81.9% Kazak 3.8% Dorvod 2.7% Bayad 2.1% Buryat-Bouriates 1.7% Zakhchin 1.2% Dariganga 1% Uriankhai 1% other 4.6% (2010 est.)
Languages: Mongolian 90% (official) (Khalkha dialect is predominant) Turkic Russian (1999)
Religions: Buddhist 53% Muslim 3% Shamanist 2.9% Christian 2.2% other 0.4% none 38.6% (2010 est.)
Demographic profile
Age structure
Age structure
0-14 years: 26.95%
15-24 years: 16.09%
25-54 years: 45.6%
55-64 years: 7.07%
65 years and over: 4.29% (2017 est.)
Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 48.5
Youth dependency ratio: 42.7
Elderly dependency ratio: 5.8
Potential support ratio: 17.3
Median age
Total: 28.3 years
Male: 27.5 years
Female: 29.2 years
Rank: 134
Population growth rate: 1.18% (2017 est.)
Rank: 93
Birth rate: 18.9 births/1000 population (2017 est.)
Rank: 88
Death rate: 6.3 deaths/1000 population (2017 est.)
Rank: 152
Net migration rate: -0.8 migrant(s)/1000 population (2017 est.)
Rank: 133
Population distribution: sparsely distributed population throughout the country; the capital of Ulaanbaatar and the northern city of Darhan support the highest population densities
Urbanization
Urban population: 73.6% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change
Major urban areas
Population: ULAANBAATAR (capital) 1.377 million (2015)
Environment
Current issues: limited natural freshwater resources in some areas; the policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation overgrazing and the converting of virgin land to agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on the environment
International agreements party to: Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Endangered Species Environmental Modification Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution Wetlands Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Air pollutants
Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male/female
15-24 years: 1.02 male/female
25-54 years: 0.94 male/female
55-64 years: 0.85 male/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male/female
Total population: 0.96 male/female
Mothers mean age at first birth: 20.5 years
Note: median age at first birth among women 20-24
Maternal mortality ratio: 44 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
Rank: 101
Infant mortality rate
Total: 21.1 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 24.2 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 17.9 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 79
Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 69.9 years
Male: 65.7 years
Female: 74.4 years
Rank: 160
Total fertility rate: 2.09 children born/woman (2017 est.)
Rank: 107
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 54.6% (2013)
Drinking water source:
urban: 66.4% of population
rural: 59.2% of population
total: 64.4% of population
urban: 33.6% of population
rural: 40.8% of population
total: 35.6% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 59.2% of population
total: 64.4% of population
urban: 33.6% of population
rural: 40.8% of population
total: 35.6% of population (2015 est.)
Current health expenditure
Physicians density: 2.88 physicians/1000 population (2011)
Hospital bed density: 6.8 beds/1000 population (2012)
Sanitation facility access:
urban: 66.4% of population
rural: 42.6% of population
total: 59.7% of population
urban: 33.6% of population
rural: 57.4% of population
total: 40.3% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 42.6% of population
total: 59.7% of population
urban: 33.6% of population
rural: 57.4% of population
total: 40.3% of population (2015 est.)
Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: .1% (2016 est.)
People living with hivaids: 500 (2016 est.)
Deaths: 100 (2016 est.)
Major infectious diseases
Obesity adult prevalence rate: 20.6% (2016)
Rank: 96
Alcohol consumption
Tobacco use
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 1.6% (2013)
Rank: 92
Education expenditures: 4.6% of GDP (2011)
Rank: 58
Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 98.4%
Male: 98.2%
Female: 98.6%
School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 15 years
Male: 14 years
Female: 16 years
Youth unemployment
Mongolia - Government 2017
top of pageCountry name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Mongolia
Local long form: none
Local short form: Mongol Uls
Former: Outer Mongolia
Etymology: the name means 'Land of the Mongols' in Latin; the Mongolian name Mongol Uls translates as 'Mongol State'
Government type: semi-presidential republic
Capital
Name: Ulaanbaatar
Geographic coordinates: 47 55 N 106 55 E
Time difference: UTC+8
Daylight saving time: +1hr begins last Saturday in March; ends last Saturday in September
Note: Mongolia has two time zones - Ulaanbaatar Time and Hovd Time (7 hours in advance of UTC)
Administrative divisions: 21 provinces (aymguud singular - aymag) and 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay Bayanhongor Bayan-Olgiy Bulgan Darhan-Uul Dornod Dornogovi Dundgovi Dzavhan (Zavkhan) Govi-Altay Govisumber Hentiy Hovd Hovsgol Omnogovi Orhon Ovorhangay Selenge Suhbaatar Tov Ulaanbaatar* Uvs
Dependent areas
Independence: 29 December 1911 (independence declared from China; in actuality autonomy attained); 11 July 1921 (from China)
National holiday: Naadam (games) holiday (commemorates independence from China in the 1921 Revolution) 11-15 July; Constitution Day (marks the date that the Mongolian People's Republic was created under a new constitution) 26 November (1924)
Constitution
History: several previous; latest adopted 13 January 1992 effective 12 February 1992
Amendments: proposed by the State Great Hural by the president of the republic by the government or by petition submitted to the State Great Hural by the Constitutional Court; conducting referenda on proposed amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the State Great Hural; passage of amendments by the State Great Hural requires at least three-quarters majority vote; passage by referendum requires majority participation of qualified voters and a majority of votes; amended 1999 2001
Legal system: civil law system influenced by Soviet and Romano-Germanic legal systems; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: both parents must be citizens of Mongolia; one parent if born within Mongolia
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
Chief of state: President Khaltmaa BATTULGA
Head of government: Prime Minister Ukhnaa KHURELSUKH ; Deputy Prime Minister Ulziisaikhan ENKHTUVSHUN (since 18 October 2017); note - Prime Minister Jargaltulga ERDENEBAT (since 8 July 2016) was voted out of office by the Parliament on 7 September 2017
Cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister in consultation with the president confirmed by the State Great Hural
Electionsappointments: presidential candidates nominated by political parties represented in the State Great Hural and directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term ; election last held on 26 June 2017 with a runoff held 9 July 2017 (next to be held in 2021); following legislative elections the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by the State Great Hural
Election results: Khaltmaa BATTULGA elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Khaltmaa BATTULGA 38.1% Miyegombo ENKHBOLD (MPP) 30.3% Sainkhuu GANBAATAR (MPRP) 30.2% invalid 1.4%; percent of vote in second round Khaltmaa BATTULGA 55.2% Miyegombo ENKHBOLD 44.8%
Legislative branch
Description: unicameral State Great Hural or Ulsyn Ikh Khural
Elections: last held on 29 June 2016
Election results: percent of vote by party - MPP 45.1% DP 33.1% MPRP 8.0% independent 4.8% other 9.0%; seats by party - MPP 65 DP 9 MPRP 1 independent 1
Judicial branch
Highest court: Supreme Court ; Constitutional Court or Tsets (consists of a chairman and 8 members)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice and judges appointed by the president upon recommendation to the State Great Hural by the General Council of Courts a 14-member body of judges and judicial officials; term of appointment is for life; chairman of the Constitutional Court elected from among its members; members appointed by the State Great Hural upon nominations - 3 each by the president the State Great Hural and the Supreme Court; term of appointment is 6 years; chairmanship limited to a single renewable 3-year term
Subordinate courts: aimag and capital city appellate courts; soum inter-soum and district courts; Administrative Cases Courts
Political parties and leaders:
Democratic Party or DP [Sodnomzundui ERDENE]
Mongolian National Democratic Party or MNDP [Bayanjargal TSOGTGEREL]
Mongolian People's Party or MPP [Miyegombo ENKHBOLD]
Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambar ENKHBAYAR]
Mongolian National Democratic Party or MNDP [Bayanjargal TSOGTGEREL]
Mongolian People's Party or MPP [Miyegombo ENKHBOLD]
Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambar ENKHBAYAR]
International organization participation: ADB ARF CD CICA CP EBRD EITI (compliant country) FAO G-77 IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC (NGOs) ICCt ICRM IDA IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF IMO IMSO Interpol IOC IOM IPU ISO ITSO ITU ITUC MIGA MINURSO MONUSCO NAM OPCW OSCE SCO (observer) UN UNAMID UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO UNISFA UNMISS UNWTO UPU WCO WHO WIPO WMO WTO
Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador ; Charge D’Affaires Bold BAT-OCHR (since 17 September 2017)
In the us chancery: 2,833 M Street NW Washington DC 20,007
In the us telephone: [1] 333-7,117
In the us FAX: [1] 298-9,227
In the us consulate general: New York San Francisco
From the us embassy: Denver Street
From the us mailing address: P.O. Box 341 Ulaanbaatar 14,192
From the us telephone: [976] 7,007-6,001
From the us FAX: [976] 7,007-6,016
Flag description: three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side) blue and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ('soyombo' - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire sun moon earth water and the yin-yang symbol); blue represents the sky red symbolizes progress and prosperity
National symbols: soyombo emblem; national colors: red blue yellow
National anthem
Name: 'Mongol ulsyn toriin duulal'
Lyrics and music: Tsendiin DAMDINSUREN/Bilegiin DAMDINSUREN and Luvsanjamts MURJORJ
Note: music adopted 1950 lyrics adopted 2006; lyrics altered on numerous occasions
National heritage
Mongolia - Economy 2017
top of pageEconomy overview:
Foreign direct investment in Mongolia's extractive industries – which are based on extensive deposits of copper gold coal molybdenum fluorspar uranium tin and tungsten - has transformed Mongolia's landlocked economy from its traditional dependence on herding and agriculture. Exports now account for more than 40% of GDP. Mongolia depends on China for more than 60% of its external trade - China receives some 90% of Mongolia's exports and supplies Mongolia with more than one-third of its imports. Mongolia also relies on Russia for 90% of its energy supplies leaving it vulnerable to price increases. Remittances from Mongolians working abroad particularly in South Korea are significant.
Soviet assistance at its height one-third of GDP disappeared almost overnight in 1990 and 1991 at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. The following decade saw Mongolia endure both deep recession because of political inaction and natural disasters as well as strong economic growth because of market reforms and extensive privatization of the formerly state-run economy. The country opened a fledgling stock exchange in 1991. Mongolia joined the WTO in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade regimes.
Growth averaged nearly 9% per year in 2004-08 largely because of high copper prices globally and new gold production. By late 2008 Mongolia was hit by the global financial crisis and Mongolia's real economy contracted 1.3% in 2009. In early 2009 the IMF reached a $236 million Stand-by Arrangement with Mongolia and it emerged from the crisis with a stronger banking sector and better fiscal management. In October 2009 Mongolia passed long-awaited legislation on an investment agreement to develop the Oyu Tolgoi (OT) mine among the world's largest untapped copper-gold deposits. However a dispute with foreign investors developing OT called into question the attractiveness of Mongolia as a destination for foreign investment. This caused a severe drop in FDI and a slowing economy leading to the dismissal of Prime Minister ALTANKHUYAG in November 2014. The economy had grown more than 10% per year between 2011 and 2013 - largely on the strength of commodity exports and high government spending - before slowing to 7.8% in 2014 and falling to the 2% level in 2015 through 2017 even though government spending remained high.
The May 2015 agreement with Rio Tinto to restart the OT mine and the subsequent $4.4 billion finance package signing in December 2015 stemmed the loss of investor confidence. The current government has made restoring investor trust and reviving the economy its top priority but has failed to invigorate the economy in the face of the large dropoff in foreign direct investment mounting external debt and a sizeable budget deficit. However Mongolia reached staff-level agreement with the IMF in February 2017 on an Extended Fund Facility program and once approved by the IMF Board the program is expected to improve Mongolia’s long-term fiscal and economic stability.
Soviet assistance at its height one-third of GDP disappeared almost overnight in 1990 and 1991 at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. The following decade saw Mongolia endure both deep recession because of political inaction and natural disasters as well as strong economic growth because of market reforms and extensive privatization of the formerly state-run economy. The country opened a fledgling stock exchange in 1991. Mongolia joined the WTO in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade regimes.
Growth averaged nearly 9% per year in 2004-08 largely because of high copper prices globally and new gold production. By late 2008 Mongolia was hit by the global financial crisis and Mongolia's real economy contracted 1.3% in 2009. In early 2009 the IMF reached a $236 million Stand-by Arrangement with Mongolia and it emerged from the crisis with a stronger banking sector and better fiscal management. In October 2009 Mongolia passed long-awaited legislation on an investment agreement to develop the Oyu Tolgoi (OT) mine among the world's largest untapped copper-gold deposits. However a dispute with foreign investors developing OT called into question the attractiveness of Mongolia as a destination for foreign investment. This caused a severe drop in FDI and a slowing economy leading to the dismissal of Prime Minister ALTANKHUYAG in November 2014. The economy had grown more than 10% per year between 2011 and 2013 - largely on the strength of commodity exports and high government spending - before slowing to 7.8% in 2014 and falling to the 2% level in 2015 through 2017 even though government spending remained high.
The May 2015 agreement with Rio Tinto to restart the OT mine and the subsequent $4.4 billion finance package signing in December 2015 stemmed the loss of investor confidence. The current government has made restoring investor trust and reviving the economy its top priority but has failed to invigorate the economy in the face of the large dropoff in foreign direct investment mounting external debt and a sizeable budget deficit. However Mongolia reached staff-level agreement with the IMF in February 2017 on an Extended Fund Facility program and once approved by the IMF Board the program is expected to improve Mongolia’s long-term fiscal and economic stability.
Real gdp purchasing power parity:
$38.4 billion (2017 est.)
$37.63 billion (2016 est.)
$37.27 billion (2015 est.)
$37.63 billion (2016 est.)
$37.27 billion (2015 est.)
Note: data are in 2017 dollars
Rank: 120
Real gdp growth rate:
2% (2017 est.)
1% (2016 est.)
2.4% (2015 est.)
1% (2016 est.)
2.4% (2015 est.)
Rank: 175
Real gdp per capita:
$12,600 (2017 est.)
$12,500 (2016 est.)
$12,600 (2015 est.)
$12,500 (2016 est.)
$12,600 (2015 est.)
Note: data are in 2017 dollars
Rank: 121
Gross national saving:
29.3% of GDP (2017 est.)
25.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
21.1% of GDP (2015 est.)
25.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
21.1% of GDP (2015 est.)
Rank: 65
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 51.9%
Government consumption: 13.7%
Investment in fixed capital: 21.7%
Investment in inventories: 4.1%
Exports of goods and services: 70.8%
Imports of goods and services: -62.1%
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 13.2%
Industry: 36.1%
Services: 50.7%
Agriculture products: wheat barley vegetables forage crops; sheep goats cattle camels horses
Industries: construction and construction materials; mining (coal copper molybdenum fluorspar tin tungsten gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing
Industrial production growth rate: 6.1% (2017 est.)
Rank: 171
Labor force: 1.24 million (2016 est.)
Rank: 137
By occupation agriculture: 31.1%
By occupation industry: 18.5%
By occupation services: 50.5%
Labor force
Unemployment rate:
8% (2017 est.)
7.9% (2016 est.)
7.9% (2016 est.)
Rank: 107
Youth unemployment
Population below poverty line: 21.6% (2014 est.)
Gini index
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 13.8%
Highest 10: 8.8%
Distribution of family income gini index:
36.5 (2008)
32.8 (2002)
32.8 (2002)
Rank: 85
Budget
Revenues: $2.623 billion
Expenditures: $3.711 billion
Surplus or deficit: -10% of GDP (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 210
Taxes and other revenues: 24.1% of GDP (2017 est.)
Rank: 117
Public debt:
91.4% of GDP (2017 est.)
90% of GDP (2016 est.)
90% of GDP (2016 est.)
Rank: 25
Revenue
Fiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer prices:
4.4% (2017 est.)
0.6% (2016 est.)
0.6% (2016 est.)
Rank: 71
Central bank discount rate:
12% (14 January 2016 )
13% (15 January 2015)
13% (15 January 2015)
Rank: 15
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
19.9% (31 December 2017 est.)
19.74% (31 December 2016 est.)
19.74% (31 December 2016 est.)
Rank: 15
Stock of narrow money:
$1.109 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$839.6 million (31 December 2016 est.)
$839.6 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Rank: 158
Stock of broad money:
$6.257 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$4.851 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$4.851 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Rank: 127
Stock of domestic credit:
$9.406 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$7.326 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$7.326 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Rank: 115
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$632.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)
$766.1 million (31 December 2014 est.)
$1.095 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$766.1 million (31 December 2014 est.)
$1.095 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
Rank: 110
Current account balance:
-$532 million (2017 est.)
-$700 million (2016 est.)
-$700 million (2016 est.)
Rank: 110
Exports:
$5.676 billion (2017 est.)
$4.804 billion (2016 est.)
$4.804 billion (2016 est.)
Rank: 106
Commodities: copper apparel livestock animal products cashmere wool hides fluorspar other nonferrous metals coal crude oil
Partners: China 84.1% UK 6.8% (2016)
Imports:
$4.196 billion (2017 est.)
$3.466 billion (2016 est.)
$3.466 billion (2016 est.)
Rank: 136
Commodities: machinery and equipment fuel cars food products industrial consumer goods chemicals building materials cigarettes and tobacco appliances soap and detergent
Partners: China 33.2% Russia 25.6% South Korea 8.6% Japan 7% (2016)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Debt external:
$22.28 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$19.79 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$19.79 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Rank: 92
Stock of direct foreign investment at home:
$19.42 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$16.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$16.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Rank: 84
Stock of direct foreign investment abroad:
$475.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$455.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)
$455.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Rank: 92
Exchange rates:
togrog/tugriks (MNT) per US dollar -
2,378 (2017 est.)
2,140 (2016 est.)
2,140 (2015 est.)
1970.3 (2014 est.)
1817.9 (2013 est.)
2,378 (2017 est.)
2,140 (2016 est.)
2,140 (2015 est.)
1970.3 (2014 est.)
1817.9 (2013 est.)
Mongolia - Energy 2017
top of pageElectricity
Access population without electricity: 300,000
Access electrification total population: 90%
Access electrification urban areas: 98%
Access electrification rural areas: 73%
Production: 5.192 billion kWh (2015 est.)
Production rank: 121
Consumption: 5.785 billion kWh (2015 est.)
Consumption rank: 116
Exports: 51 million kWh (2015 est.)
Exports rank: 86
Imports: 1.427 billion kWh (2015 est.)
Imports rank: 61
Installed generating capacity: 1.106 million kW (2015 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 126
Generation sources fossil fuels: 94.9% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 54
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 136
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 186
Generation sources other renewable sources: 5.1% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 96
Coal
Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 23,430 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 65
Crude oil exports: 14,360 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 56
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 156
Crude oil proven reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2017)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 163
Crude oil
Refined petroleum
Products production: 0 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Products production rank: 169
Products consumption: 26,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products consumption rank: 127
Products exports: 0 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Products exports rank: 176
Products imports: 24,380 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Products imports rank: 109
Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2013 est.)
Production rank: 164
Consumption: 0 m³ (2013 est.)
Consumption rank: 203
Exports: 0 m³ (2013 est.)
Exports rank: 144
Imports: 0 m³ (2013 est.)
Imports rank: 151
Proven reserves: 0 m³ (1 January 2014 es)
Proven reserves rank: 167
Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 14 million Mt (2013 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 94
Energy consumption per capita
Mongolia - Communication 2017
top of pageTelephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 225,287
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7
Fixed lines rank: 125
Mobile cellular total: 3,367,573
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 111
Mobile cellular rank: 139
Telephone system
General assessment: network is improving with international direct dialing available in many areas; a fiber-optic network has been installed that is improving broadband and communication services between major urban centers with multiple companies providing inter-city fiber-optic cable services
Domestic: very low fixed-line teledensity; there are four mobile-cellular providers and subscribership is increasing
International: country code - 976; satellite earth stations - 7
Broadcast media: following a law passed in 2005 Mongolia's state-run radio and TV provider converted to a public service provider; also available are 69 radio and 131 TV stations including multi-channel satellite and cable TV providers; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2017)
Internet
Country code: .mn
Users total: 674,949
Users percent of population: 22.3%
Users rank: 131
Broadband fixed subscriptions
Mongolia - Military 2017
top of pageMilitary expenditures:
0.92% of GDP (2016)
0.87% of GDP (2015)
0.86% of GDP (2014)
0.82% of GDP (2013)
0.92% of GDP (2012)
0.87% of GDP (2015)
0.86% of GDP (2014)
0.82% of GDP (2013)
0.92% of GDP (2012)
Rank: 90
Military and security forces
Military service age and obligation: 18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 1-year conscript service obligation in army or air forces or police for males only; after conscription soldiers can contract into military service for 2 or 4 years; citizens can also voluntarily join the armed forces (2017)
Space program
Terrorist groups
Mongolia - Transportation 2017
top of pageNational air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 3
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 12
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 541,129
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 7,130,148 mt-km
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: JU (2016)
Airports: 44 (2013)
Rank: 98
With paved runways total: 15
With paved runways over 3047 m: 2
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 10
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 3
With unpaved runways total: 29
With unpaved runways over 3047 m: 2
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 2
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 24
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 1
Heliports: 1 (2013)
Pipelines
Railways
Total: 1815 km
Broad gauge: 1815 km 1.520-m gauge
Note: national operator Ulaanbaatar Railway is jointly owned by the Mongolian Government and by the Russian State Railway
Rank: 76
Roadways
Total: 49,249 km
Paved: 4,800 km
Unpaved: 44,449 km
Rank: 79
Waterways: 580 km (the only waterway in operation is Lake Hovsgol) (135 km); Selenge River (270 km) and Orhon River (175 km) are navigable but carry little traffic; lakes and rivers ice free from May to September) (2010)
Rank: 81
Merchant marine
Total: 261
By type: bulk carrier 8 container ship 5 general cargo 101 oil tanker 67 other 80
Rank: 58
Ports and terminals
Mongolia - Transnational issues 2017
top of pageDisputes international: none
Refugees and internally displaced persons
Stateless persons: 14
Illicit drugs
Rank: li>a href='../rankorder/rankorderguide.html'>Guide to Country Comparisons
You found a piece of the puzzle
Please click here to complete it
Please click here to complete it
