Map of Mali | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 by a military coup that ushered in a period of democratic rule. President Alpha KONARE won Mali's first two democratic presidential elections in 1992 and 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou Toumani TOURE, who was elected to a second term in a 2007 election that was widely judged to be free and fair. Malian returnees from Libya in 2011 exacerbated tensions in northern Mali, and Tuareg ethnic militias rebelled in January 2012. Low- and mid-level soldiers, frustrated with the poor handling of the rebellion, overthrew TOURE on 22 March. Intensive mediation efforts led by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) returned power to a civilian administration in April with the appointment of Interim President Dioncounda TRAORE.The post-coup chaos led to rebels expelling the Malian military from the country's three northern regions and allowed Islamic militants to set up strongholds. Hundreds of thousands of northern Malians fled the violence to southern Mali and neighboring countries, exacerbating regional food shortages in host communities. An international military intervention to retake the three northern regions began in January 2013 and within a month most of the north had been retaken. In a democratic presidential election conducted in July and August of 2013, Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA was elected president. The Malian Government and northern armed groups signed an internationally-mediated peace accord in June 2015. By 2018, however, the parties to the peace accord had made very little progress in the accord’s implementation, despite a June 2017 target for its completion. Furthermore, extremist groups outside the peace process made steady inroads into rural areas of central Mali following the consolidation of three major terrorist organizations in March 2017.


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Location: interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger

Geographic coordinates: 17 00 N, 4 00 W

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 1,240,192 km²
Land: 1,220,190 km²
Water: 20,002 km²
Rank: 25
Comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Land boundaries
Total: 7,908 km
Border countries: (7) Algeria 1359 km; , Burkina Faso 1325 km; , Cote dIvoire 599 km; , Guinea 1062 km; , Mauritania 2,236 km; , Niger 838 km; , Senegal 489 km

Coastline: 0 km
Note: (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)

Terrain: mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast

Elevation
Mean elevation: 343 m
Elevation extremes: 23 m
Note: lowest point: Senegal River

Natural resources: gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower, note, bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited

Land use
Agricultural land: 34.1% (2011 est.)
Forest: 10.2% (2011 est.)
Other: 55.7% (2011 est.)

Irrigated land: 3,780 km² (2012)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding

Geography
Note: landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan


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Population
Distribution: the overwhelming majority of the population lives in the southern half of the country, with greater density along the border with Burkina Faso: 18,429,893 (July 2018 est.)
Rank: 64
Growth rate: 2.98% (2018 est.)
Growth rate rank: 8
Below poverty line: 36.1% (2005 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Malian(s)
Adjective: Malian

Ethnic groups: Bambara 34.1%, Fulani (Peul) 14.7%, Sarakole 10.8%, Senufo 10.5%, Dogon 8.9%, Malinke 8.7%, Bobo 2.9%, Songhai 1.6%, Tuareg 0.9%, other Malian 6.1%, from member of Economic Community of West African States 0.3%, other 0.4% (2012-13 est.)

Languages:

Religions: Muslim 94.8%, Christian 2.4%, Animist 2%, none 0.5%, unspecified 0.3% (2009 est.)

Demographic profile: Mali’s total population is expected to double by 2,035; its capital Bamako is one of the fastest-growing cities in Africa. A young age structure, a declining mortality rate, and a sustained high total fertility rate of 6 children per woman - the third highest in the world - ensure continued rapid population growth for the foreseeable future. Significant outmigration only marginally tempers this growth. Despite decreases, Mali’s infant, child, and maternal mortality rates remain among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa because of limited access to and adoption of family planning, early childbearing, short birth intervals, the prevalence of female genital cutting, infrequent use of skilled birth attendants, and a lack of emergency obstetrical and neonatal care.Mali’s high total fertility rate has been virtually unchanged for decades, as a result of the ongoing preference for large families, early childbearing, the lack of female education and empowerment, poverty, and extremely low contraceptive use. Slowing Mali’s population growth by lowering its birth rate will be essential for poverty reduction, improving food security, and developing human capital and the economy.Mali has a long history of seasonal migration and emigration driven by poverty, conflict, demographic pressure, unemployment, food insecurity, and droughts. Many Malians from rural areas migrate during the dry period to nearby villages and towns to do odd jobs or to adjoining countries to work in agriculture or mining. Pastoralists and nomads move seasonally to southern Mali or nearby coastal states. Others migrate long term to Mali’s urban areas, Cote d’Ivoire, other neighboring countries, and in smaller numbers to France, Mali’s former colonial ruler. Since the early 1990s, Mali’s role has grown as a transit country for regional migration flows and illegal migration to Europe. Human smugglers and traffickers exploit the same regional routes used for moving contraband drugs, arms, and cigarettes.Between early 2012 and 2013, renewed fighting in northern Mali between government forces and Tuareg secessionists and their Islamist allies, a French-led international military intervention, as well as chronic food shortages, caused the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Malians. Most of those displaced domestically sought shelter in urban areas of southern Mali, except for pastoralist and nomadic groups, who abandoned their traditional routes, gave away or sold their livestock, and dispersed into the deserts of northern Mali or crossed into neighboring countries. Almost all Malians who took refuge abroad (mostly Tuareg and Maure pastoralists) stayed in the region, largely in Mauritania, Niger, and Burkina Faso.

Age structure
0-14 years: 48.03% (male 4,449,790 /female 4,402,076)
15-24 years: 18.89% (male 1,657,609 /female 1,823,453)
25-54 years: 26.36% (male 2,243,158 /female 2,615,695)
55-64 years: 3.7% (male 346,003 /female 335,733)
65 years and over: 3.02% (male 277,834 /female 278,542) (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 101.9 (2015 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 96.8 (2015 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 5.1 (2015 est.)
Potential support ratio: 19.5 (2015 est.)

Median age
Total: 15.8 years
Male: 15.2 years
Female: 16.5 years (2018 est.)
Rank: 227

Population growth rate: 2.98% (2018 est.)
Rank: 8

Birth rate: 43.2 births/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 3

Death rate: 9.6 deaths/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 45

Net migration rate: -3.9 migrant(s)/1000 population (2017 est.)
Rank: 181

Population distribution: the overwhelming majority of the population lives in the southern half of the country, with greater density along the border with Burkina Faso

Urbanization
Urban population: 42.4% of total population
Note: (2015-20 est.)
Rate of urbanization: 4.86% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: 2.447 million BAMAKO (capital) (2018)

Environment
Current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; loss of pasture land; inadequate supplies of potable water
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.02 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
15-24 years: 0.91 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
25-54 years: 0.87 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth:

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 67.6 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Male: 73.3 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Female: 61.7 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Rank: 7

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 60.8 years (2018 est.)
Male: 58.6 years (2018 est.)
Female: 63 years (2018 est.)
Rank: 206

Total fertility rate: 5.9 children born/woman (2018 est.)
Rank: 5

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 15.6% (2015)

Drinking water source
Urban: 3.5% of population
Rural: 35.9% of population
Total: 23% of population (2015 est.)

Current health expenditure

Physicians density: 0.09 physicians/1000 population (2010)

Hospital bed density: 0.1 beds/1000 population (2010)

Sanitation facility access
Urban: 62.5% of population (2015 est.)
Rural: 83.9% of population (2015 est.)
Total: 75.3% of population (2015 est.)

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: 1.2% (2017 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 39
People living with hivaids: 130,000 (2017 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 37
Deaths: 6,300 (2017 est.)
Deaths rank: 24

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: very high (2016)
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever (2016)
Vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever (2016)
Water contact diseases: schistosomiasis (2016)
Animal contact diseases: rabies (2016)
Respiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis (2016)

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 8.6% (2016)
Rank: 149

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 25% (2015)
Rank: 17

Education expenditures: 3.8% of GDP (2015)
Rank: 118

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
Total population: 33.1% (2015 est.)
Male: 45.1% (2015 est.)
Female: 22.2% (2015 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 8 years (2011)
Male: 9 years (2011)
Female: 7 years (2011)

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Mali
Conventional short form: Mali
Local long form: Republique de Mali
Local short form: Mali
Former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic
Etymology: name derives from the West African Mali Empire of the 13th to 16th centuries A.D.

Government type: semi-presidential republic

Capital
Name: Bamako
Geographic coordinates: 12 39 N, 8 00 W
Time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions: 8 regions (regions, singular - region), 1 district*; District de Bamako*, Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou (Timbuktu); note - two new regions, Menaka and Taoudenni, were reportedly created in early 2016, but these have not yet been vetted by the US Board on Geographic Names

Dependent areas

Independence: 22 September 1960 (from France)

National holiday: Independence Day, 22 September (1960)

Constitution
History: several previous; latest drafted August 1991, approved by referendum 12 January 1992, effective 25 February 1992, suspended briefly in 2012 (2017)
Amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or by members of the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly and approval in a referendum; constitutional sections on the integrity of the state, its republican and secular form of government, and its multiparty system cannot be amended; amended 1999 (2017)

Legal system: civil law system based on the French civil law model and influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Constitutional Court

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Mali
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA (since 4 September 2013)
Head of government: Prime Minister Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA (since 31 December 2017)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
Electionsappointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 July 2018 with a runoff on 12 August 2018; prime minister appointed by the president
Election results: Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA (RPM) 77.6%, Soumaila CISSE (URD) 22.4%

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members directly elected in single and multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; 13 seats reserved for citizens living abroad; members serve 5-year terms)
Elections: last held on 24 November and 15 December 2013 (next to be held on 25 November 2018)
Election results: percent of vote by party - RPM 29.4%, URD 22.6%, ADEMA 11.5, other 36.5%; seats by party - RPM 66, URD 17, ADEMA 16, FARE 6, CODEM 5, SADI 5, CNID 4, other 24, independent 4

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 19 members organized into 3 civil chambers and a criminal chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court members appointed by the Ministry of Justice to serve 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members selected - 3 each by the president, the National Assembly, and the Supreme Council of the Magistracy; members serve single renewable 7-year terms
Subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; High Court of Justice (jurisdiction limited to cases of high treason or criminal offenses by the president or ministers while in office); magistrate courts; first instance courts; labor dispute courts; special court of state security

Political parties and leaders: African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO]Alliance for Democracy in Mali-Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity, and Justice or ADEMA-PASJ [Tiemoko SANGARE]Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP-Maliba [Amadou THIAM]Alliance for the Solidarity of Mali-Convergence of Patriotic Forces or ASMA-CFP [Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA]Alternative Forces for Renewal and Emergence or FARE [Modibo SIDIBE]Convergence for the Development of Mali or CODEM [Housseyni Amion GUINDO]Economic and Social Development Party or PDES [Jamille BITTAR]Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (coalition of smaller opposition parties)National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL]Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME]Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel Kokalla MAIGA]Rally for Mali or RPM [Boucary TRETA]Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Younoussi TOURE]

International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Mahamadou NIMAGA (since 22 June 2018)
In the us chancery: 2,130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 332-2,249, 939-8,950
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 332-6,603
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Paul A. FOLMSBEE (since 3 June 2015)
From the us embassy: located off the Roi Bin Fahad Aziz Bridge west of the Bamako central district
From the us mailing address: ACI 2000, Rue 243, Porte 297, Bamako
From the us telephone: [223] 2,070-2,300
From the us FAX: [223] 2,070-2,479

Flag description:

National symbols: Great Mosque of Djenne; national colors: green, yellow, red

National anthem
Name: Le Mali (Mali)
Lyricsmusic: Seydou Badian KOUYATE/Banzoumana SISSOKO: note: adopted 1962; also known as 'Pour L'Afrique et pour toi, Mali' (For Africa and for You, Mali) and 'A ton appel Mali' (At Your Call, Mali)

National heritage


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Economy overview: Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, landlocked Mali depends on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest; cotton and gold exports make up around 80% of export earnings. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid.Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River; about 65% of Mali’s land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The government subsidizes the production of cereals to decrease the country’s dependence on imported foodstuffs and to reduce its vulnerability to food price shocks.Mali is developing its iron ore extraction industry to diversify foreign exchange earnings away from gold, but the pace will depend on global price trends. Although the political coup in 2012 slowed Mali’s growth, the economy has since bounced back, with GDP growth above 5% in 2014-17, although physical insecurity, high population growth, corruption, weak infrastructure, and low levels of human capital continue to constrain economic development. Higher rainfall helped to boost cotton output in 2017, and the country’s 2017 budget increased spending more than 10%, much of which was devoted to infrastructure and agriculture. Corruption and political turmoil are strong downside risks in 2018 and beyond.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Rank: 116

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 39

Real gdp per capita:
Rank: 206

Gross national saving:
Rank: 126

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 82.9% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 17.4% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 19.3% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: -0.7% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 22.1% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -41.1% (2017 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 41.8% (2017 est.)
Industry: 18.1% (2017 est.)
Services: 40.5% (2017 est.)

Agriculture products: cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats

Industries: food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining

Industrial production growth rate: 6.3% (2017 est.)
Rank: 37

Labor force: 6.447 million (2017 est.)
Rank: 71
By occupation agriculture: 80%
By occupation industry and services: 20% (2005 est.)

Unemployment rate:
Rank: 114

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: 36.1% (2005 est.)

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 25.8% (2010 est.)
Highest 10: 25.8% (2010 est.)

Distribution of family income gini index:
Rank: 67

Budget
Revenues: 3.075 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: 3.513 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: -2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 128

Taxes and other revenues: 20% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Rank: 153

Public debt:
Rank: 150

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices:
Rank: 94

Central bank discount rate:
Rank: 10

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Rank: 147

Stock of narrow money:
Rank: 122

Stock of broad money:
Rank: 128

Stock of domestic credit:
Rank: 126

Market value of publicly traded shares: NA

Current account balance:
Rank: 138

Exports:
Rank: 130
Partners: Switzerland 31.8%, UAE 15.4%, Burkina Faso 7.8%, Cote dIvoire 7.3%, South Africa 5%, Bangladesh 4.6% (2017)
Commodities: cotton, gold, livestock

Imports:
Rank: 143
Commodities: petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles
Partners: Senegal 24.4%, China 13.2%, Cote dIvoire 9%, France 7.3% (2017)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Rank: 144

Debt external:
Rank: 137

Stock of direct foreign investment at home:
Rank: 111

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad:
Rank: 103

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access population without electricity: 11.4 million (2013)
Access electrification total population: 26% (2013)
Access electrification urban areas: 53% (2013)
Access electrification rural areas: 9% (2013)
Production: 2.489 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Production rank: 136
Consumption: 2.982 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Consumption rank: 136
Exports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)
Exports rank: 166
Imports: 800 million kWh (2016 est.)
Imports rank: 73
Installed generating capacity: 590,000 kW (2016 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 140
Generation sources fossil fuels: 68% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 113
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 138
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 31% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 68
Generation sources other renewable sources: 1% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 160

Coal

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 169
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 161
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 161
Crude oil proven reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 165

Crude oil

Refined petroleum
Products production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products production rank: 173
Products consumption: 22,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products consumption rank: 134
Products exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products exports rank: 178
Products imports: 20,610 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products imports rank: 119

Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Production rank: 166
Consumption: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Consumption rank: 172
Exports: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Exports rank: 147
Imports: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Imports rank: 154
Proven reserves: 0 m³ (1 January 2014 est.)
Proven reserves rank: 167

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 3.388 million Mt (2017 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 143

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 200,812 (July 2016 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (July 2016 est.)
Fixed lines rank: 124
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 20,217,697 (July 2016 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 113 (July 2016 est.)
Mobile cellular rank: 56

Telephone system
General assessment: domestic system improving; increasing use of local radio loops to extend network coverage to remote areas (2016)
Domestic: fixed-line subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has increased sharply to over 115 per 100 persons (2016)
International: country code - 223; satellite communications center and fiber-optic links to neighboring countries; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean) (2016)

Broadcast media: national public TV broadcaster; 2 privately owned companies provide subscription services to foreign multi-channel TV packages; national public radio broadcaster supplemented by a large number of privately owned and community broadcast stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet
Country code: .ml
Users total: 1,940,978 (July 2016 est.)
Users percent of population: 11.1% (July 2016 est.)
Users rank: 115

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 21,444 (2017 est.)
Date: (2017 est.)
Rank: 151


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Military expenditures:
Rank: 36

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; 2-year conscript service obligation (2012)

Space program

Terrorist groups
Home based alMulathamun Battalion:
Home based alQaidaaffiliated Jamaat Nusrat alIslam walMuslimin:
Home based Islamic State of Iraq and ashsham networks in the Greater Sahara:


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 1 (2015)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 2 (2015)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: TZ, TT (2016)

Airports: 25 (2013)
Rank: 128
With paved runways total: 8 (2017)
With paved runways over 3047 m: 1 (2017)
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 4 (2017)
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 2 (2017)
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 1 (2017)
With unpaved runways total: 17 (2013)
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 3 (2013)
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 9 (2013)
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 5 (2013)

Heliports: 2 (2013)

Pipelines

Railways
Total: 593 km (2014)
Narrow gauge: 593 km
Note: 1.000-m gauge (2014)
Rank: 110

Roadways
Total: 22,474 km (2009)
Paved: 5,522 km (2009)
Unpaved: 16,952 km (2009)
Rank: 104

Waterways: 1800 km
Note: (downstream of Koulikoro; low water levels on the River Niger cause problems in dry years; in the months before the rainy season the river is not navigable by commercial vessels) (2011)
Rank: 43

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals
River port: Koulikoro (Niger)


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Disputes international: demarcation is underway with Burkina Faso

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees: 15,319 (Mauritania) (2018)
IDPs: 80,302 (Tuareg rebellion since 2012) (2018)

Illicit drugs