Map of Sint Maarten | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Although sighted by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 and claimed for Spain, it was the Dutch who occupied the island in 1631 and began exploiting its salt deposits. The Spanish retook the island in 1633, but the Dutch continued to assert their claims. The Spanish finally relinquished the island of Saint Martin to the French and Dutch, who divided it between themselves in 1648. The establishment of cotton, tobacco, and sugar plantations dramatically expanded African slavery on the island in the 18th and 19th centuries; the practice was not abolished in the Dutch half until 1863. The island's economy declined until 1939 when it became a free port; the tourism industry was dramatically expanded beginning in the 1950s. In 1954, Sint Maarten and several other Dutch Caribbean possessions became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands as the Netherlands Antilles. In a 2000 referendum, the citizens of Sint Maarten voted to become a self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, effective October 2010. On 6 September 2017, Hurricane Irma hit Saint Martin/Sint Maarten, causing extensive damage to roads, communications, electrical power, and housing. The UN estimated the storm destroyed or damaged 90% of the buildings, and Princess Juliana International Airport was heavily damaged and closed to commercial air traffic for five weeks.


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Location: Caribbean, located in the Leeward Islands (northern) group; Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean Sea; Sint Maarten lies east of the US Virgin Islands

Geographic coordinates: 18 4 N, 63 4 W

Map reference: Central America and the Caribbean

Area
Total: note: Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin
Land: 34 km²
Water: 0 km²
Rank: 236
Comparative: one-fifth the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries
Total: 16 km
Border countries: (0) Saint Martin (France) 16 km

Coastline: 58.9 km
Note: (for entire island)

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate: tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in moderate temperatures; average rainfall of 150 cm/year; hurricane season stretches from July to November

Terrain: low, hilly terrain, volcanic origin

Elevation
Lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
Highest point: Mount Flagstaff 383 m

Natural resources: fish, salt

Land use

Irrigated land

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: subject to hurricanes from July to November

Geography
Note: the northern border is shared with the French overseas collectivity of Saint Martin; together, these two entities make up the smallest landmass in the world shared by two self-governing states


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Population
Distribution: most populous areas are Lower Prince's Quarter (north of Philipsburg), followed closely by Cul de Sac: 42,677 (July 2018 est.)
Rank: 212
Growth rate: 1.39% (2018 est.)
Growth rate rank: 80

Nationality

Ethnic groups:

Languages: English (official) 67.5%, Spanish 12.9%, Creole 8.2%, Dutch (official) 4.2%, Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 2.2%, French 1.5%, other 3.5% (2001 est.)

Religions: Protestant 41.9% (Pentecostal 14.7%, Methodist 10.0%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.6%, Baptist 4.7%, Anglican 3.1%, other Protestant 2.8%), Roman Catholic 33.1%, Hindu 5.2%, Christian 4.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.7%, Evangelical 1.4%, Muslim/Jewish 1.1%, other 1.3% (includes Buddhist, Sikh, Rastafarian), none 7.9%, no response 2.4% (2011 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 18.5% (male 4,110 /female 3,785)
15-24 years: 14.19% (male 3,049 /female 3,009)
25-54 years: 40.93% (male 8,539 /female 8,930)
55-64 years: 16.52% (male 3,356 /female 3,694)
65 years and over: 9.85% (male 2017 /female 2,188) (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age
Total: 41.2 years (2018 est.)
Male: 39.8 years
Female: 42.2 years
Rank: 43

Population growth rate: 1.39% (2018 est.)
Rank: 80

Birth rate: 13.1 births/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 147

Death rate: 5.4 deaths/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 182

Net migration rate: 6.2 migrant(s)/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 18

Population distribution: most populous areas are Lower Prince's Quarter (north of Philipsburg), followed closely by Cul de Sac

Urbanization
Urban population: 100% of total population (2019)
Rate of urbanization: 1.56% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 1,327 PHILIPSBURG (capital) (2011)

Environment
Current issues: scarcity of potable water (increasing percentage provided by desalination); inadequate solid waste management; pollution from construction, chemical runoff, and sewage harms reefs

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 7.9 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Male: 8.6 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 7.2 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 152

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 78.5 years (2018 est.)
Male: 76.1 years
Female: 80.9 years
Rank: 62

Total fertility rate: 2.04 children born/woman (2018 est.)
Rank: 112

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate note: NA
People living with hivaids note: NA
Deaths note: NA

Major infectious diseases: note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures
Note: NA

Literacy

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Sint Maarten
Local long form: Land Sint Maarten (Dutch); Country of Sint Maarten (English)
Local short form: Sint Maarten (Dutch and English)
Former: Netherlands Antilles; Curacao and Dependencies
Etymology: explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the island after Saint MARTIN of Tours because the 11 November 1493 day of discovery was the saints feast day

Government type: parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy

Capital
Name: Philipsburg
Geographic coordinates: 18 1 N, 63 2 W
Time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time): etymology: founded and named in 1763 by John PHILIPS, a Scottish captain in the Dutch navy

Administrative divisions:

Dependent areas

Independence: none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

National holiday: King's Day (birthday of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER), 27 April (1967); note - King's or Queen's Day are observed on the ruling monarch's birthday; celebrated on 26 April if 27 April is a Sunday; local holiday Sint Maarten's Day, 11 November (1985), commemorates the discovery of the island by COLUMBUS on Saint Martin's Day, 11 November 1493; celebrated on both halves of the island

Constitution
History: previous 1947, 1955; latest adopted 21 July 2010, entered into force 10 October 2010 (regulates governance of Sint Maarten but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Legal system: based on Dutch civil law system with some English common law influence

International law organization participation

Citizenship: see the Netherlands

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); represented by Governor General Eugene HOLIDAY (since 10 October 2010)
Head of government: Prime Minister Leona ROMEO-MARLIN (since 15 January 2018)
Cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the governor-general
Electionsappointments: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch for a 6-year term; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party usually elected prime minister by Parliament

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral Parliament of Sint Maarten (15 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)
Elections: last held 26 February 2018 (next to be held in 2022)
Election results: percent of vote by party - UD 42.4%, NA 30.5%, US Party 13.2%, SMCP 8.7%; seats by party - UD 7, NA 5, US Party 2, SMCP 1; composition - men 13, women 2, percent of women 13.3%

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba or Joint Court of Justice (consists of the presiding judge, other members, and their substitutes); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court (in The Hague, Netherlands); note - prior to 2010, the Joint Court of Justice was the Common Court of Justice of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba
Judge selection and term of office: Joint Court judges appointed by the monarch serve for life
Subordinate courts: Courts in First Instance

Political parties and leaders: National Alliance or NA [William MARLIN]Sint Maarten Christian Party or SMCP [Wycliffe SMITH]United Democrats Party or UD [Theodore HEYLIGER]United Sint Maarten Party or US Party [Frans RICHARDSON]

International organization participation: Caricom (observer), ILO, Interpol, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WMO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
From the us: the US does not have an embassy in Sint Maarten; the Consul General to Curacao is accredited to Sint Maarten

Flag description:

National symbols: brown pelican, yellow sage (flower); national colors: red, white, blue

National anthem
Name: O Sweet Saint Martins Land
Lyricsmusic: Gerard KEMPS: note: the song, written in 1958, is used as an unofficial anthem for the entire island (both French and Dutch sides); as a collectivity of France, in addition to the local anthem, 'La Marseillaise' is official on the French side (see France); as a constituent part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in addition to the local anthem, 'Het Wilhelmus' is official on the Dutch side (see Netherlands)

National heritage


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Economy overview: The economy of Sint Maarten centers around tourism with nearly four-fifths of the labor force engaged in this sector. Nearly 1.8 million visitors came to the island by cruise ship and roughly 500,000 visitors arrived through Princess Juliana International Airport in 2013. Cruise ships and yachts also call on Sint Maarten's numerous ports and harbors. Limited agriculture and local fishing means that almost all food must be imported. Energy resources and manufactured goods are also imported. Sint Maarten had the highest per capita income among the five islands that formerly comprised the Netherlands Antilles.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Rank: 214

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 97

Real gdp per capita:
Rank: 14

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 0.4% (2008 est.)
Industry: 18.3% (2008 est.)
Services: 81.3% (2008 est.)

Agriculture products: sugar

Industries: tourism, light industry

Industrial production growth rate

Labor force: 23,200 (2008 est.)
Rank: 210
By occupation agriculture: 1.1%
By occupation industry: 15.2%
By occupation services: 83.7% (2008 est.)

Unemployment rate:
Rank: 160

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices:
Rank: 157

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports
Commodities: sugar

Imports

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2016)
Production: 304.3 million kWh (2008 est.)
Production rank: 181

Coal

Petroleum
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 193
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 195

Crude oil

Refined petroleum
Products production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products production rank: 201
Products consumption: 10,600 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products consumption rank: 161
Products exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products exports rank: 202
Products imports: 10,440 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products imports rank: 148

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones

Telephone system
General assessment: generally adequate facilities (2018)
Domestic: extensive interisland microwave radio relay links (2018)
International: country code - 1-721; landing points for SMPR-1 and the ECFS submarine cables providing connectivity to the Caribbean; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)

Broadcast media

Internet
Country code: .sx; note - IANA has designated .sx for Sint Maarten, but has not yet assigned it to a sponsoring organization

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures

Military and security forces: no regular military forces; Police Department for local law enforcement, supported by the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (Gendarmerie), the Dutch Caribbean Police Force (Korps Politie Caribisch Nederland or KPCN), and the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard em>(/em>Kustwacht Caribisch Gebied or KWCARIB0)) (2019)

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 1 (2013)
Rank: 236
With paved runways total: 1 (2017)
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1 (2017)
With paved runways: note: Princess Juliana International Airport (SXM) was severely damaged on 6 September 2017 by hurricane Irma, but resumed commercial operations on 10 October 2017

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways
Total: 53 km
Rank: 210

Waterways

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Philipsburg
Oil terminal: Coles Bay oil terminal


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs