Map of Portugal | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, and for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.


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Location: Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Geographic coordinates: 39 30 N, 8 00 W

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 92,090 km²
Land: 91,470 km²
Water: 620 km²
Note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands
Rank: 111
Comparative: slightly smaller than Virginia

Land boundaries
Total: 1224 km
Border countries: (1) Spain 1224 km

Coastline: 1793 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Contiguous zone: 24 nm

Climate: maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Terrain: the west-flowing Tagus River divides the country: the north is mountainous toward the interior, while the south is characterized by rolling plains

Elevation
Mean elevation: 372 m
Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

Natural resources: fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower

Land use
Agricultural land: 39.7% (2011 est.)
Forest: 37.8% (2011 est.)
Other: 22.5% (2011 est.)

Irrigated land: 5,400 km² (2012)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: Azores subject to severe earthquakesvolcanism: limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira

Geography
Note: Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; they are two of the four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are the Canary Islands (Spain) and Cabo Verde


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Population
Distribution: concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities: 10,302,674 (July 2020 est.)
Rank: 89
Growth rate: -0.25% (2020 est.)
Growth rate rank: 212
Below poverty line: 19% (2015 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
Adjective: Portuguese

Ethnic groups: white homogeneous Mediterranean population; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990, Eastern Europeans have migrated to Portugal

Languages: Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Religions: Roman Catholic 81%, other Christian 3.3%, other (includes Jewish, Muslim) 0.6%, none 6.8%, unspecified 8.3% (2011 est.)
Note: represents population 15 years of age and older

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 13.58% (male 716,102/female 682,582)
15-24 years: 10.94% (male 580,074/female 547,122)
25-54 years: 41.49% (male 2,109,693/female 2,164,745)
55-64 years: 13.08% (male 615,925/female 731,334)
65 years and over: 20.92% (male 860,198/female 1,294,899) (2020 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 55.8
Youth dependency ratio: 20.3
Elderly dependency ratio: 35.5
Potential support ratio: 2.8 (2020 est.)

Median age
Total: 44.6 years
Male: 42.7 years
Female: 46.5 years (2020 est.)
Rank: 13

Population growth rate: -0.25% (2020 est.)
Rank: 212

Birth rate: 8.1 births/1000 population (2020 est.)
Rank: 220

Death rate: 10.8 deaths/1000 population (2020 est.)
Rank: 25

Net migration rate: 0.3 migrant(s)/1000 population (2020 est.)
Rank: 70

Population distribution: concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Urbanization
Urban population: 66.3% of total population
Note: (2015-20 est.)
Rate of urbanization: 0.47% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: 2.957 million LISBON (capital), 1.313 million Porto (2020)

Environment
Current issues: soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in urban centers and coastal areas
International agreements party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.84 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.9 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 29.6 years (2017 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 2.6 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 3 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 2.3 deaths/1000 live births (2020 est.)
Rank: 218

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 81.1 years
Male: 77.9 years
Female: 84.4 years (2020 est.)
Rank: 39

Total fertility rate: 1.41 children born/woman (2020 est.)
Rank: 215

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 73.9% (2014)

Drinking water source
Urban: 0% of population
Rural: 0% of population
Total: 0% of population (2017 est.)

Current health expenditure: 9% (2017)

Physicians density: 5.12 physicians/1000 population (2017)

Hospital bed density: 3.4 beds/1000 population (2017)

Sanitation facility access
Urban: 0% of population
Rural: 0% of population
Total: 0% of population (2017 est.)

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: 0.5% (2018 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 70
People living with hivaids: 41,000 (2018 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 65
Deaths note: <500 (2018 est.)

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 20.8% (2016)
Rank: 95

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures: 5% of GDP (2017)
Rank: 60

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 96.1%
Male: 97.4%
Female: 95.1% (2018)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 17 years
Male: 17 years
Female: 17 years (2018)

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Portuguese Republic
Conventional short form: Portugal
Local long form: Republica Portuguesa
Local short form: Portugal
Etymology: name derives from the Roman designation Portus Cale meaning Port of Cale; Cale was an ancient Celtic town and port in present-day northern Portugal

Government type: semi-presidential republic

Capital
Name: Lisbon
Geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W
Time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Note: Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)etymology: Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city 'Olisippo' when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became 'Ulixbona,' under the Arabs it was 'al-Ushbuna'; the medieval version of 'Lissabona' became today's Lisboa

Administrative divisions: 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu

Dependent areas

Independence: 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 1 December 1640 (independence reestablished following 60 years of Spanish rule); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)

National holiday: Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis DE CAMOES (1524-80) died

Constitution
History: several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976
Amendments: proposed by the Assembly of the Republic; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members; amended several times, last in 2005

Legal system: civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Portugal
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years; 6 years if from a Portuguese-speaking country

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (since 9 March 2016)
Head of government: Prime Minister Antonio Luis Santos da COSTA (since 24 November 2015) 
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister 
Electionsappointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 January 2016 (next to be held on 31 January 2021); following legislative elections the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
Election results: Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 52%, Antonio Sampaio da NOVOA (independent) 22.9%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 10.1%, Maria de BELEM (independent) 4.2%, other 10.8%
Note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; 226 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote and 4 members - 2 each in 2 constituencies representing Portuguese living abroad - directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)
Elections: last held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held 2023) (e.g. 2019)
Election results: percent of vote by party - PS 36.4%, PSD 27.8%, B.E. 9.5%, CDU 6.5%, other 20.8%; seats by party - PS 108, PSD 79, B.E. 19, CDU 12, other 12; composition - men 158, women 72, percent of women 31.3% (e.g. 2019)

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges can serve for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year nonrenewable terms
Subordinate courts: Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Tribunal de Contas); appellate, district, and municipal courts

Political parties and leaders: Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party (Partido do Centro Democratico Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP [Assuncao CRISTAS]Ecologist Party 'The Greens' or 'Os Verdes' (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN [Andre SILVA]Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA]Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD (original name Partido Popular Democratico) or PPD [Rui RIO]Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS [Antonio COSTA]The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco [Catarina MARTINS]Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PCP and PEV)

International organization participation: ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Domingos Teixeira de Abreu FEZAS VITAL (since 28 January 2016)
In the us chancery: 2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,036
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 332-3,007
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 223-3,926
In the us consulate:
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador George E. GLASS (since 25 August 2017)
From the us telephone: [351] (21) 727-3,300
From the us embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon
From the us mailing address: Apartado 43,033, 1601-301 Lisboa; PSC 83, APO AE 9,726
From the us FAX: [351] (21) 726-9,109
From the us consulate: Ponta Delgada (Azores)

Flag description: two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) centered on the dividing line; explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation has green symbolizing hope and red the blood of those defending the nation

National symbols: armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe modeling objects in the sky and representing the Republic); national colors: red, green

National anthem
Name: A Portugesa (The Song of the Portuguese)
Lyricsmusic: Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL
Note: adopted 1910; 'A Portuguesa' was originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa; the lyrics refer to the 'insult' that resulted from the event

National heritage


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Economy overview

Real gdp purchasing power parity
Real:
Real note: data are in 2010 dollars

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 126

Real gdp per capita:
Note: data are in 2010 dollars
Rank: 62

Gross national saving:
Rank: 124

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 65.1% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 17.6% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 16.2% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0.1% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 43.1% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -42.1% (2017 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 2.2% (2017 est.)
Industry: 22.1% (2017 est.)
Services: 75.7% (2017 est.)

Agriculture products: grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, dairy products; fish

Industries: textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics

Industrial production growth rate: 3.5% (2017 est.)
Rank: 89

Labor force: 4.717 million (2020 est.)
Rank: 82
By occupation agriculture: 8.6%
By occupation industry: 23.9%
By occupation services: 67.5% (2014 est.)

Unemployment rate:
Rank: 103

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: 19% (2015 est.)

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 2.6%
Highest 10: 25.9% (2015 est.)

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: 93.55 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: 100 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: -3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 134

Taxes and other revenues: 42.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Rank: 29

Public debt:
Note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Rank: 9

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices:
Rank: 37

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance:
Rank: 100

Exports:
Rank: 42
Partners: Spain 25.2%, France 12.5%, Germany 11.3%, UK 6.6%, US 5.2%, Netherlands 4% (2017)
Commodities: agricultural products, foodstuffs, wine, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, hides, leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, machinery and tools, base metals

Imports:
Rank: 42
Commodities: agricultural products, chemical products, vehicles and other transport material, optical and precision instruments, computer accessories and parts, semiconductors and related devices, oil products, base metals, food products, textile materials
Partners: Spain 32%, Germany 13.7%, France 7.4%, Italy 5.5%, Netherlands 5.4% (2017)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Rank: 55

Debt external:
Rank: 27

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2020)
Production: 56.9 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Production rank: 51
Consumption: 46.94 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Consumption rank: 52
Exports: 9.701 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Exports rank: 21
Imports: 4.616 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Imports rank: 40
Installed generating capacity: 20.56 million kW (2016 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 43
Generation sources fossil fuels: 41% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 167
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 167
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 25% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 78
Generation sources other renewable sources: 35% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 10

Coal

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 187
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 180
Crude oil imports: 285,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 26
Crude oil proven reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 182

Crude oil

Refined petroleum
Products production: 323,000 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Products production rank: 39
Products consumption: 247,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Products consumption rank: 51
Products exports: 143,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Products exports rank: 36
Products imports: 78,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Products imports rank: 64

Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Production rank: 184
Consumption: 6.258 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Consumption rank: 54
Exports: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Exports rank: 169
Imports: 6.541 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Imports rank: 30
Proven reserves: 0 m³ (1 January 2014 est.)
Proven reserves rank: 182

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 54.97 million Mt (2017 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 57

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 5,179,685
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 50.15 (2019 est.)
Fixed lines rank: 28
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 12,028,436
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 116.46 (2019 est.)
Mobile cellular rank: 76

Telephone system

Broadcast media: Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP), the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 4 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations

Internet
Country code: .pt
Users total: 7,731,411
Users percent of population: 74.66% (July 2018 est.)
Users rank: 62

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 3,784,684
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2018 est.)
Rank: 38


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Military expenditures:
Rank: 77

Military and security forces:

Military service age and obligation: 18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service, but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1992, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service. Voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2017)

Space program

Terrorist groups: Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) (2019)


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 10 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 168
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 17,367,956 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 454.21 million
Note: mt-km (2018)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: CR, CS (2016)

Airports: 64 (2013)
Rank: 77
With paved runways total: 43 (2017)
With paved runways over 3047 m: 5 (2017)
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 7 (2017)
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 8 (2017)
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 15 (2017)
With paved runways under 914 m: 8 (2017)
With unpaved runways total: 21 (2013)
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 1 (2013)
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 20 (2013)

Heliports

Pipelines: 1344 km gas, 11 km oil, 188 km refined products (2013)

Railways
Total: 3,075 km (2014)
Narrow gauge: 108.1 km
Note: (gauge unspecified) (2014)
Broad gauge: 2,439 km
Other: 528 km
Rank: 60

Roadways
Total: 82,900 km (2008)
Paved: 71,294 km
Note: (includes 2,613 km of expressways) (2008)
Unpaved: 11,606 km (2008)
Rank: 61

Waterways: 210 km
Note: (on Douro River from Porto) (2011)
Rank: 95

Merchant marine
Total: 624
By type: bulk carrier 65, container ship 249, general cargo 99, oil tanker 21, other 190 (2019)
Rank: 37

Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines
Container port: Sines (1,669,057) (2017)
LNG terminal: Sines


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Disputes international: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Stateless persons: 14 (2019)

Illicit drugs: seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin