Map of Portugal | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, and for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.


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Location: Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Geographic coordinates: 39 30 N, 8 00 W

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 92,090 km²
Land: 91,470 km²
Water: 620 km²
Note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands
Comparative: slightly smaller than Virginia

Land boundaries
Total: 1,224 km
Border countries: (1) Spain 1224 km

Coastline: 1,793 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Contiguouszone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Climate: maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Terrain: the west-flowing Tagus River divides the country: the north is mountainous toward the interior, while the south is characterized by rolling plains

Elevation
Highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Mean elevation: 372 m

Natural resources: fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower

Land use
Agricultural land: 39.7% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)
Forest: 37.8% (2018 est.)
Other: 22.5% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 5,400 km² (2012)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 914.1 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
Industrial: 1.497 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
Agricultural: 8.767 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 77.4 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Natural hazards: Azores subject to severe earthquakes

Geography
Note: Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; they are two of the four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are the Canary Islands (Spain) and Cabo Verde


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Population
Distribution: concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities: 10,263,850 (July 2021 est.)
Growth rate: -0.23% (2021 est.)
Below poverty line: 17.2% (2018 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
Adjective: Portuguese

Ethnic groups: Portuguese 95%; citizens from Portugal’s former colonies in Africa, Asia (Han Chinese), and South America (Brazilian) and other foreign born 5%

Languages: Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Religions: Roman Catholic 81%, other Christian 3.3%, other (includes Jewish, Muslim) 0.6%, none 6.8%, unspecified 8.3% (2011 est.)
Note: data represent population 15 years of age and older

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 13.58% (male 716,102/female 682,582)
15-24 years: 10.94% (male 580,074/female 547,122)
25-54 years: 41.49% (male 2,109,693/female 2,164,745)
55-64 years: 13.08% (male 615,925/female 731,334)
65 years and over: 20.92% (male 860,198/female 1,294,899) (2020 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 55.8
Youth dependency ratio: 20.3
Elderly dependency ratio: 35.5
Potential support ratio: 2.8 (2020 est.)

Median age
Total: 44.6 years
Male: 42.7 years
Female: 46.5 years (2020 est.)

Population growth rate: -0.23% (2021 est.)

Birth rate: 8.02 births/1000 population (2021 est.)

Death rate: 10.9 deaths/1000 population (2021 est.)

Net migration rate: 0.62 migrant(s)/1000 population (2021 est.)

Population distribution: concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Urbanization
Urban population: 66.8% of total population (2021)
Rate of urbanization: 0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 2.972 million LISBON (capital), 1.316 million Porto (2021)

Environment
Current issues: soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in urban centers and coastal areas
International agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 7.87 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 48.74 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 10.93 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.84 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.9 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 29.9 years (2019 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio: 8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 2.53 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 2.89 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 2.15 deaths/1000 live births (2021 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 81.29 years
Male: 78.14 years
Female: 84.6 years (2021 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.42 children born/woman (2021 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 73.9% (2014)

Drinking water source
Improved urban: 100% of population
Improved rural: 100% of population
Improved total: 100% of population
Unimproved urban: 0% of population
Unimproved rural: 0% of population
Unimproved total: 0% of population (2017 est.)

Current health expenditure: 9.4% (2018)

Physicians density: 5.12 physicians/1000 population (2017)

Hospital bed density: 3.5 beds/1000 population (2018)

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 100% of population
Improved rural: 100% of population
Improved total: 100% of population
Unimproved urban: 0% of population
Unimproved rural: 0% of population
Unimproved total: 0% of population (2017 est.)

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: 0.5% (2020 est.)
People living with hivaids: 42,000 (2020 est.)
Deaths: <500 (2020 est.)

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 20.8% (2016)

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 0.4% (2015/16)

Education expenditures: 4.7% of GDP (2018)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 96.1%
Male: 97.4%
Female: 95.1% (2018)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 17 years
Male: 17 years
Female: 17 years (2019)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15-24 total: 22.6%
Rate ages 15-24 male: 21%
Rate ages 15-24 female: 24.4% (2020 est.)


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Country name
Conventional long form: Portuguese Republic
Conventional short form: Portugal
Local long form: Republica Portuguesa
Local short form: Portugal
Etymology: name derives from the Roman designation 'Portus Cale' meaning 'Port of Cale'; Cale was an ancient Celtic town and port in present-day northern Portugal

Government type: semi-presidential republic

Capital
Name: Lisbon
Geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W
Time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Timezone note: Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)
Etymology: Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city 'Olisippo' when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became 'Ulixbona,' under the Arabs it was 'al-Ushbuna'; the medieval version of 'Lissabona' became today's Lisboa

Administrative divisions: 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu

Dependent areas

Independence: 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 1 December 1640 (independence reestablished following 60 years of Spanish rule); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)

National holiday: Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis DE CAMOES (1524-80) died

Constitution
History: several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976
Amendments: proposed by the Assembly of the Republic; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members; amended several times, last in 2005 (2021)

Legal system: civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descentonly: at least one parent must be a citizen of Portugal
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years; 6 years if from a Portuguese-speaking country

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (since 9 March 2016)
Head of government: Prime Minister Antonio Luis Santos da COSTA (since 24 November 2015)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
Elections and appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 January 2021 (next to be held in January 2026); following legislative elections the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
Election results: Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 60.7%, Ana GOMES (ran as an independent but is a member of PS) 12.97%, Andre VENTURA (CH) 11.9%, João FERREIRA (PCP-PEV) 4.32%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 3.95%, other 6.16%
Note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; 226 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote and 4 members - 2 each in 2 constituencies representing Portuguese living abroad - directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)
Elections: last held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held on 30 January 2022); note - early elections were called after parliament was dissolved on 3 November 2021 because of the 27 October 2021 rejection of the government's budget (e.g. 2019)
Election results: percent of vote by party - PS 36.4%, PSD 27.8%, B.E. 9.5%, CDU 6.5%, other 20.8%; seats by party - PS 108, PSD 79,  B.E. 19, CDU 12, other 12; composition (as of October 2021) - men 138, women 92, percent of women 40% (e.g. 2019)

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges can serve for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year nonrenewable terms
Subordinate courts: Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Tribunal de Contas); appellate, district, and municipal courts

Political parties and leaders: Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party (Partido do Centro Democratico Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP [Assuncao CRISTAS]
Ecologist Party 'The Greens' or 'Os Verdes' (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]
Enough (Chega) [Andre VENTURA]
Liberal Initiative (Iniciativa Liberal) or IL [Joao COTRIM DE FIGUEIREDO]
People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN [Andre SILVA]
Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA]
Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD (original name Partido Popular Democratico) or PPD [Rui RIO]
Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS [Antonio COSTA]
The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco [Catarina MARTINS]
Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PCP and PEV)

International organization participation: ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Domingos Teixeira de Abreu FEZAS VITAL (since 28 January 2016)
In the us chancery: 2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,036
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 350-5,400; [1] (202) 332-3,007
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 462-3,726; [1] (202) 387-2,768
In the us email address and website:
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Kristin M. KANE (since January 2021)
From the us embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisboa
From the us mailing address: 5,320 Lisbon Place, Washington DC  20,521-5,320
From the us telephone: [351] (21) 727-3,300
From the us FAX: [351] (21) 726-9,109
From the us email address and website:

Flag description: two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) centered on the dividing line; explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation has green symbolizing hope and red the blood of those defending the nation

National symbols: armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe modeling objects in the sky and representing the Republic); national colors: red, green

National anthem
Name: 'A Portugesa' (The Song of the Portuguese)
Lyrics and music: Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL
Note: adopted 1910; 'A Portuguesa' was originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa; the lyrics refer to the 'insult' that resulted from the event

National heritage


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Economy overview

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Note: data are in 2010 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: 2.24% (2019 est.)

2.85% (2018 est.)

3.51% (2017 est.)

Real gdp per capita:
Note: data are in 2010 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 65.1% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 17.6% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 16.2% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0.1% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 43.1% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -42.1% (2017 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 2.2% (2017 est.)
Industry: 22.1% (2017 est.)
Services: 75.7% (2017 est.)

Agriculture products: milk, tomatoes, olives, grapes, maize, potatoes, pork, apples, oranges, poultry

Industries: textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics

Industrial production growth rate: 3.5% (2017 est.)

Labor force: 4.717 million (2020 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 8.6%
By occupation industry: 23.9%
By occupation services: 67.5% (2014 est.)

Unemployment rate: 6.55% (2019 est.)

7.05% (2018 est.)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15-24 total: 22.6%
Rate ages 15-24 male: 21%
Rate ages 15-24 female: 24.4% (2020 est.)

Population below poverty line: 17.2% (2018 est.)

Gini index
Coefficient distribution of family income: 33.8 (2017 est.)

34 (2014 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 2.6%
Highest 10: 25.9% (2015 est.)

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $93.55 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: $100 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: $-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues: 42.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Public debt: 125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
Note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Revenue
From forest resources forest revenues: 0.13% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 0.3% (2019 est.)

0.9% (2018 est.)

1.3% (2017 est.)

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: -$203 million (2019 est.)

$988 million (2018 est.)

Exports: $85.28 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2020 est.)

$104.77 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)

$105.76 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)
Partners: Spain 23%, France 13%, Germany 12%, United Kingdom 6%, United States 5% (2019)
Commodities: cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, leather footwear, paper products, tires (2019)

Imports: $89.31 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2020 est.)

$103.05 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)

$103.59 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)
Partners: Spain 29%, Germany 13%, France 9%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 5% (2019)
Commodities: cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, aircraft, packaged medicines, refined petroleum, natural gas (2019)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $26.11 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$19.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Debt external: $462.431 billion (2019 est.)

$483.206 billion (2018 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2020)
Production: 56.9 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Consumption: 46.94 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Exports: $9.701 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Imports: 4.616 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 20.56 million kW (2016 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 41% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 25% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources: 35% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Coal

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Crude oil imports: 285,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Crude oil proven reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum
Products production: 323,000 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Products consumption: 247,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Products exports: 143,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Products imports: 78,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Consumption: 6.258 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Exports: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Imports: 6.541 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Proven reserves: 0 m³ (1 January 2014 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 5,212,507 (2020)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 51.12 (2020 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 11,854,999 (2020)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 116.3 (2020 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media: Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP), the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 4 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations

Internet
Country code: .pt
Users total: 8.58 million (2021 est.)
Users percent of population: 78.26% (2020 est.)

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 4,160,895 (2020)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 40.81 (2020 est.)


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Military expenditures: 1.59% of GDP (2020 est.)

1.38% of GDP (2019)

1.34% of GDP (2018)

1.24% of GDP (2017)

1.27% of GDP (2016)

Military and security forces: Portuguese Armed Forces: Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP); Portuguese National Republican Guard (Guarda Nacional Republicana, GNR) (2021)

note: the GNR is a national gendarmerie force comprised of military personnel with law enforcement, internal security, civil defense, disaster response, and coast guard duties; it is responsible to the Minister of Internal Administration and to the Minister of National Defense; in the event of war or crisis, it may be placed under the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces

Military service age and obligation: 18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service (abolished 2004), but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1992, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service. Voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2019)

Space program

Terrorist groups: Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 10 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 168
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 17,367,956 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 454.21 million mt-km (2018)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: CR, CS

Airports
Total: 64 (2013)
With paved runways total: 43
With paved runways over 3047 m: 5
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 7
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 8
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 15
With paved runways under 914 m: 8 (2017)
With unpaved runways total: 21
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 1
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 20 (2013)

Heliports

Pipelines: 1344 km gas, 11 km oil, 188 km refined products (2013)

Railways
Total: 3,075 km (2014)
Narrowgauge: 108.1 km 1.000-m gauge (2014)
Broadgauge: 2,439 km 1.668-m gauge (1,633.4 km electrified) (2014)
Other: 528 km (gauge unspecified) (2014)

Roadways
Total: 82,900 km (2008)
Paved: 71,294 km (includes 2,613 km of expressways) (2008)
Unpaved: 11,606 km (2008)

Waterways: 210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2011)

Merchant marine
Total: 726
By type: bulk carrier 86, container ship 267, general cargo 137, oil tanker 27, other 209 (2021)

Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines
Container ports teus: Sines (1,420,000) (2019)
Lng terminals import: Sines


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Disputes international: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Stateless persons: 45 (2020)

Illicit drugs: a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin