Map of Zimbabwe | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background:


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Location: Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia

Geographic coordinates: 20 00 S, 30 00 E

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 390,757 km²
Land: 386,847 km²
Water: 3,910 km²
Comparative: about four times the size of Indiana; slightly larger than Montana

Land boundaries
Total: 3,229 km
Border countries: (4) Botswana 834 km; , Mozambique 1402 km; , South Africa 230 km; , Zambia 763 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)

Terrain: mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east

Elevation
Highest point: Inyangani 2,592 m
Lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save Rivers 162 m
Mean elevation: 961 m

Natural resources: coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals

Land use
Agricultural land: 42.5% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 10.9% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 31.3% (2018 est.)
Forest: 39.5% (2018 est.)
Other: 18% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 1,740 km² (2012)

Major rivers
By length in km: Zambezi (shared with Zambia [s]), Angola, Namibia, Botswana, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km; Limpopo (shared with South Africa [s], Botswana, and Mozambique [m]) - 1,800 km

Major watersheds area km²: Indian Ocean drainage: Zambezi (1,332,412 km²)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Okavango Basin (863,866 km²)

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 487.7 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
Industrial: 81.4 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
Agricultural: 2.77 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 20 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Natural hazards: recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare

Geography
Note: landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zambia; in full flood (February-April) the massive Victoria Falls on the river forms the world's largest curtain of falling water; Lake Kariba on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border forms the world's largest reservoir by volume (180 km³; 43 m³i)


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Population
Distribution: Aside from major urban agglomerations in Harare and Bulawayo, population distribution is fairly even, with slightly greater overall numbers in the eastern half : 14,829,988 (July 2021 est.)
Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
Growth rate: 1.94% (2021 est.)
Below poverty line: 38.3% (2019 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Zimbabwean(s)
Adjective: Zimbabwean

Ethnic groups: African 99.4% (predominantly Shona; Ndebele is the second largest ethnic group), other 0.4%, unspecified 0.2% (2012 est.)

Languages: Shona (official; most widely spoken), Ndebele (official, second most widely spoken), English (official; traditionally used for official business), 13 minority languages (official; includes Chewa, Chibarwe, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Shangani, sign language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, and Xhosa)

Religions: Protestant 74.8% (includes Apostolic 37.5%, Pentecostal 21.8%, other 15.5%), Roman Catholic 7.3%, other Christian 5.3%, traditional 1.5%, Muslim 0.5%, other 0.1%, none 10.5% (2015 est.)

Demographic profile: Zimbabwe’s progress in reproductive, maternal, and child health has stagnated in recent years. According to a 2010 Demographic and Health Survey, contraceptive use, the number of births attended by skilled practitioners, and child mortality have either stalled or somewhat deteriorated since the mid-2000s. Zimbabwe’s total fertility rate has remained fairly stable at about 4 children per woman for the last two decades, although an uptick in the urban birth rate in recent years has caused a slight rise in the country’s overall fertility rate. Zimbabwe’s HIV prevalence rate dropped from approximately 29% to 15% since 1997 but remains among the world’s highest and continues to suppress the country’s life expectancy rate. The proliferation of HIV/AIDS information and prevention programs and personal experience with those suffering or dying from the disease have helped to change sexual behavior and reduce the epidemic.

Age structure
0-14 years: 38.32% (male 2,759,155/female 2,814,462)
15-24 years: 20.16% (male 1,436,710/female 1,495,440)
25-54 years: 32.94% (male 2,456,392/female 2,334,973)
55-64 years: 4.07% (male 227,506/female 363,824)
65 years and over: 4.52% (male 261,456/female 396,396) (2020 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 81.6
Youth dependency ratio: 76.1
Elderly dependency ratio: 5.5
Potential support ratio: 18.3 (2020 est.)

Median age
Total: 20.5 years
Male: 20.3 years
Female: 20.6 years (2020 est.)

Population growth rate: 1.94% (2021 est.)

Birth rate: 33.34 births/1000 population (2021 est.)

Death rate: 9.02 deaths/1000 population (2021 est.)

Net migration rate: -4.93 migrant(s)/1000 population (2021 est.)

Population distribution: Aside from major urban agglomerations in Harare and Bulawayo, population distribution is fairly even, with slightly greater overall numbers in the eastern half

Urbanization
Urban population: 32.3% of total population (2021)
Rate of urbanization: 2.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 1.542 million HARARE (capital) (2021)

Environment
Current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 19.35 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 10.98 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 12.1 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.63 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 20.3 years (2015 est.)
Note: median age at first birth among women 25-49

Maternal mortality ratio: 458 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 29.41 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 33.15 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 25.56 deaths/1000 live births (2021 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 62.83 years
Male: 60.7 years
Female: 65.02 years (2021 est.)

Total fertility rate: 3.91 children born/woman (2021 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 66.8% (2015)

Drinking water source
Improved urban: 98% of population
Improved rural: 67.4% of population
Improved total: 77.3% of population
Unimproved urban: 2% of population
Unimproved rural: 32.6% of population
Unimproved total: 22.7% of population (2017 est.)

Current health expenditure: 4.7% (2018)

Physicians density: 0.21 physicians/1000 population (2018)

Hospital bed density: 1.7 beds/1000 population (2011)

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 96.1% of population
Improved rural: 49% of population
Improved total: 64.2% of population
Unimproved urban: 3.9% of population
Unimproved rural: 51% of population
Unimproved total: 35.8% of population (2017 est.)

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: 11.9% (2020 est.)
People living with hivaids: 1.3 million (2020 est.)
Deaths: 22,000 (2020 est.)

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: high (2020)
Food or water borne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
Vector borne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
Watercontactdiseases: schistosomiasis
Animalcontactdiseases: rabies

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 15.5% (2016)

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 9.7% (2019)

Education expenditures: 3.6% of GDP (2018)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write English
Total population: 86.5%
Male: 88.5%
Female: 84.6% (2015)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 11 years
Male: 12 years
Female: 11 years (2013)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15-24 total: 27.5%
Rate ages 15-24 male: 25%
Rate ages 15-24 female: 31.4% (2019 est.)


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe
Conventional short form: Zimbabwe
Former: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia, Zimbabwe-Rhodesia
Etymology: takes its name from the Kingdom of Zimbabwe (13th-15th century) and its capital of Great Zimbabwe, the largest stone structure in pre-colonial southern Africa

Government type: presidential republic

Capital
Name: Harare
Geographic coordinates: 17 49 S, 31 02 E
Time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Etymology: named after a village of Harare at the site of the present capital; the village name derived from a Shona chieftain, Ne-harawa, whose name meant 'he who does not sleep'

Administrative divisions: 8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands

Dependent areas

Independence: 18 April 1980 (from the UK)

National holiday: Independence Day, 18 April (1980)

Constitution
History: previous 1965 (at Rhodesian independence), 1979 (Lancaster House Agreement), 1980 (at Zimbabwean independence); latest final draft completed January 2013, approved by referendum 16 March 2013, approved by Parliament 9 May 2013, effective 22 May 2013
Amendments: proposed by the Senate or by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses of Parliament and assent of the president of the republic; amendments to constitutional chapters on fundamental human rights and freedoms and on agricultural lands also require approval by a majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2017

Legal system: mixed legal system of English common law, Roman-Dutch civil law, and customary law

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descentonly: the father must be a citizen of Zimbabwe; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017); note - Robert Gabriel MUGABE resigned on 21 November 2017, after ruling for 37 years
Head of government: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017); Vice President (vacant)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
Elections and appointments: each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 3 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
Election results: Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in 1st round of voting; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) .9%, other 3%

Legislative branch
Description: bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (80 seats; 60 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 6 seats in each of the 10 provinces - by proportional representation vote, 16 indirectly elected by the regional governing councils, 2 reserved for the National Council Chiefs, and 2 reserved for members with disabilities; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly (270 seats; 210 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 60 seats reserved for women directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)
Elections: Senate - last held for elected member on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
Election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 34, MDC Alliance 25, Chiefs 18, people with disabilities 2, MDC-T 1; composition - men 45, women 35, percent of women 43.8%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 179, MDC Alliance 88, MDC-T 1, NPF 1, independent 1; composition - men 185, women 25, percent of women 31.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 34.3%

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 4 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 9 judges)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, an independent body consisting of the chief justice, Public Service Commission chairman, attorney general, and 2-3 members appointed by the president; judges normally serve until age 65 but can elect to serve until age 70; Constitutional Court judge appointment NA; judges serve nonrenewable 15-year terms
Subordinate courts: High Court; Labor Court; Administrative Court; regional magistrate courts; customary law courts; special courts

Political parties and leaders: MDC Alliance [Nelson CHAMISA] 
Movement for Democratic Change - MDC-T [Douglas MWONZORA]
National People's Party or NPP [Joyce MUJURU] (formerly Zimbabwe People First or ZimPF)
Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA]
Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Sibangalizwe NKOMO]

International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Tadeous Tafirenyika CHIFAMBA (since 7 July 2021);
In the us chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,009
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 332-7,100
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 483-9,326
In the us email address and website:
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas R. HASTINGS (since August 2021)
From the us embassy: 2 Lorraine Drive, Bluffhill, Harare
From the us mailing address: 2,180 Harare Place, Washington DC  20,521-2,180
From the us telephone: [263] 867-701-1000
From the us FAX: [263] 24-233-4,320
From the us email address and website:

Flag description: seven equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle, which symbolizes peace; green represents agriculture, yellow mineral wealth, red the blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands for the native people

National symbols: Zimbabwe bird symbol, African fish eagle, flame lily; national colors: green, yellow, red, black, white

National anthem
Name: 'Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe' [Northern Ndebele language] 'Simudzai Mureza WeZimbabwe' [Shona] (Blessed Be the Land of Zimbabwe)
Lyrics and music: Solomon MUTSWAIRO/Fred Lecture CHANGUNDEGA
Note: adopted 1994

National heritage


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Economy overview

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: 3.7% (2017 est.)

0.7% (2016 est.)

1.4% (2015 est.)

Real gdp per capita:
Note: data are in 2017 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 77.6% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 24% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 12.6% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 25.6% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -39.9% (2017 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 12% (2017 est.)
Industry: 22.2% (2017 est.)
Services: 65.8% (2017 est.)

Agriculture products: sugar cane, maize, milk, tobacco, cassava, vegetables, bananas, beef, cotton, oranges

Industries: mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, diamonds, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages

Industrial production growth rate: 0.3% (2017 est.)

Labor force: 7.907 million (2017 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 67.5%
By occupation industry: 7.3%
By occupation services: 25.2% (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate: 11.3% (2014 est.)
Note: data include both unemployment and underemployment; true unemployment is unknown and, under current economic conditions, unknowable

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15-24 total: 27.5%
Rate ages 15-24 male: 25%
Rate ages 15-24 female: 31.4% (2019 est.)

Population below poverty line: 38.3% (2019 est.)

Gini index
Coefficient distribution of family income: 44.3 (2017 est.)

50.1 (2006)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 2%
Highest 10: 40.4% (1995)

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $3.8 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: $5.5 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: $-9.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues: 21.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Public debt: 82.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

69.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Revenue
From forest resources forest revenues: 1.61% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal coal revenues: 0.4% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 241.7% (2019 est.)

10.6% (2018 est.)

0.9% (2017 est.)

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: -$716 million (2017 est.)

-$553 million (2016 est.)

Exports: $4.422 billion (2018 est.)

$6.252 billion (2017 est.)
Partners: United Arab Emirates 40%, South Africa 23%, Mozambique 9% (2019)
Commodities: gold, tobacco, iron alloys, nickel, diamonds, jewelry (2019)

Imports: $7.215 billion (2018 est.)

$9.658 billion (2017 est.)
Partners: South Africa 41%, Singapore 23%, China 8% (2019)
Commodities: refined petroleum, delivery trucks, packaged medicines, fertilizers, tractors (2019)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $431.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)

$407.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Debt external: $9.357 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$10.14 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar -
Note: the dollar was adopted as a legal currency in 2009; since then the Zimbabwean dollar has experienced hyperinflation and is essentially worthless


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 53% (2019)
Access electrification urban areas: 89% (2019)
Access electrification rural areas: 36% (2019)
Production: 6.8 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Consumption: 7.118 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Exports: $1.239 billion kWh (2015 est.)
Imports: 2.22 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 2.122 million kW (2016 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 58% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 37% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources: 5% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Coal

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil proven reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum
Products production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products consumption: 27,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products imports: 26,400 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Consumption: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Exports: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Imports: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Proven reserves: 0 m³ (1 January 2014 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 252,067 (2020)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1.7 (2020 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 13,191,708 (2020)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 88.76 (2020 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media: government owns all local radio and TV stations; foreign shortwave broadcasts and satellite TV are available to those who can afford antennas and receivers; in rural areas, access to TV broadcasts is extremely limited; analog TV only, no digital service (2017)

Internet
Country code: .zw
Users total: 5.01 million (2021)
Users percent of population: 27.06% (2019 est.)

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 203,461 (2020)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1.37 (2020 est.)


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Military expenditures: 0.7% of GDP (2019 est.)

1.2% of GDP (2018 est.)

1.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

1.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

1.9% of GDP (2015 est.)

Military and security forces: Zimbabwe Defense Forces (ZDF): Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA), Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ) (2021)

Military service age and obligation: 18-22 years of age for voluntary military service (18-24 for officer cadets; 18-30 for technical/specialist personnel); no conscription; women are eligible to serve (2021)

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 12
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 285,539 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 670,000 mt-km (2018)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: Z

Airports
Total: 196 (2013)
With paved runways total: 17
With paved runways over 3047 m: 3
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 2
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 5
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 7 (2013)
With unpaved runways total: 179
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 3
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 104
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 72 (2013)

Heliports

Pipelines: 270 km refined products (2013)

Railways
Total: 3,427 km (2014)
Narrowgauge: 3,427 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified) (2014)

Roadways
Total: 97,267 km (2019)
Paved: 18,481 km (2019)
Unpaved: 78,786 km (2019)

Waterways: (some navigation possible on Lake Kariba) (2011)

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals
River ports: Binga, Kariba (Zambezi)


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Disputes international: Namibia has supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 11,199 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)

Illicit drugs: transit point for cannabis and South Asian heroin, methaqualone, and methamphetamines en route to South Africa