Map of Israel | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background:


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Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon

Geographic coordinates: 31 30 N, 34 45 E

Map reference: Middle East

Area
Total: 21,937 km²
Land: 21,497 km²
Water: 440 km²
Comparative: slightly larger than New Jersey

Land boundaries
Total: 1,068 km
Border countries: (6) Egypt 208 km; Gaza Strip 59 km; Jordan 327 km; (20 km; are within the Dead Sea) Lebanon 81 km; Syria 83 km; West Bank 330 km

Coastline: 273 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Continental shelf: to depth of exploitation

Climate: temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas

Terrain: Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley

Elevation
Highest point: Mitspe Shlagim 2,224 m; note - this is the highest named point, the actual highest point is an unnamed dome slightly to the west of Mitspe Shlagim at 2,236 m; both points are on the northeastern border of Israel, along the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range
Lowest point: Dead Sea -431 m
Mean elevation: 508 m

Natural resources: timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock, magnesium bromide, clays, sand

Land use
Agricultural land: 23.8% (2018 est.)
Forest: 7.1% (2018 est.)
Other: 69.1% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 2,159 km² (2020)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 983 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
Industrial: 72 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
Agricultural: 1.249 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 1.78 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Natural hazards: sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes

Geography


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Population
Distribution: population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba: 8,914,885 (2022 est.) (includes populations of the Golan Heights or Golan Sub-District and also East Jerusalem, which was annexed by Israel after 1967)
Note: approximately 227,100 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2019); following the March 2019 US recognition of the Golan Heights as being part of Israel, The Gheos World Guide no longer includes Israeli settler population of the Golan Heights (estimated at 23,400 in 2019) in its overall Israeli settler total
Growth rate: 1.44% (2022 est.)
Below poverty line: 22% (2014 est.)
Below poverty line note: Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day

Nationality
Noun: Israeli(s)
Adjective: Israeli

Ethnic groups: Jewish 74% (of which Israel-born 78.7%, Europe/America/Oceania-born 14.8%, Africa-born 4.2%, Asia-born 2.3%), Arab 21.1%, other 4.9% (2020 est.)

Languages: Hebrew (official), Arabic (special status under Israeli law), English (most commonly used foreign language)
Major language samples:

Religions: Jewish 74%, Muslim 18%, Christian 1.9%, Druze 1.6%, other 4.5% (2020 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 26.76% (male 1,187,819/female 1,133,365)
15-24 years: 15.67% (male 694,142/female 665,721)
25-54 years: 37.2% (male 1,648,262/female 1,579,399)
55-64 years: 8.4% (male 363,262/female 365,709)
65 years and over: 11.96% (male 467,980/female 569,816) (2020 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 66.9
Youth dependency ratio: 47
Elderly dependency ratio: 19.9
Potential support ratio: 5 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 30.4 years
Male: 29.8 years
Female: 31 years (2020 est.)

Population growth rate: 1.44% (2022 est.)

Birth rate: 17.41 births/1000 population (2022 est.)

Death rate: 5.05 deaths/1000 population (2022 est.)

Net migration rate: 2.02 migrant(s)/1000 population (2022 est.)

Population distribution: population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba

Urbanization
Urban population: 92.9% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 4.421 million Tel Aviv-Yafo, 1.174 million Haifa, 970,000 JERUSALEM (capital) (2023)

Environment
Current issues: limited arable land: and restricted natural freshwater resources; desertification; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; groundwater pollution from industrial and domestic waste, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Marine Life Conservation

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 19.46 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 65.17 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 13.02 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2022 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 27.7 years (2019 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio: 3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 3.56 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 3.82 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 3.28 deaths/1000 live births (2022 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 83.35 years
Male: 81.45 years
Female: 85.34 years (2022 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.56 children born/woman (2022 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA

Drinking water source
Improved:
Unimproved:

Current health expenditure: 7.5% of GDP (2019)

Physicians density: 3.63 physicians/1000 population (2020)

Hospital bed density: 3 beds/1000 population (2018)

Sanitation facility access
Improved:
Unimproved:

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases
Note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Asia; Israel is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 26.1% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 3.07 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 1.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 1.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use
Total: 21.2% (2020 est.)
Male: 28.9% (2020 est.)
Female: 13.5% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA

Education expenditures: 7.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 97.8%
Male: 98.7%
Female: 96.8% (2011)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 16 years
Male: 15 years
Female: 17 years (2020)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15-24 total: 7.9%
Rate ages 15-24 male: 7.6%
Rate ages 15-24 female: 8.2% (2020 est.)


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Country name
Conventional long form: State of Israel
Conventional short form: Israel
Local long form: Medinat Yisra'el
Local short form: Yisra'el
Former: Mandatory Palestine
Etymology: named after the ancient Kingdom of Israel; according to Biblical tradition, the Jewish patriarch Jacob received the name "Israel" ("He who struggles with God") after he wrestled an entire night with an angel of the Lord; Jacob's 12 sons became the ancestors of the Israelites, also known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel, who formed the Kingdom of Israel

Government type: parliamentary democracy

Capital
Name: Jerusalem; note - the US recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December 2017 without taking a position on the specific boundaries of Israeli sovereignty
Geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E
Time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October
Etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2,800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; uru-shalim likely means "foundation of [by] the god Shalim", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic yry, "to found or lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for "peace" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as "The City of Peace" or "The Abode of Peace"

Administrative divisions: 6 districts (mehozot, singular - mehoz); Central, Haifa, Jerusalem, Northern, Southern, Tel Aviv

Dependent areas

Independence: 14 May 1948 (following League of Nations mandate under British administration)

National holiday: Independence Day, 14 May (1948); note - Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948, but the Jewish calendar is lunar and the holiday may occur in April or May

Constitution
History: no formal constitution; some functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws, and the Law of Return (as amended)
Amendments: proposed by Government of Israel ministers or by the Knesset; passage requires a majority vote of Knesset members and subject to Supreme Court judicial review; 11 of the 13 Basic Laws have been amended at least once, latest in 2020 (Basic Law: the Knesset)

Legal system: mixed legal system of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious laws

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2002

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descentonly: at least one parent must be a citizen of Israel
Dual citizenship recognized: yes, but naturalized citizens are not allowed to maintain dual citizenship
Residency requirement for naturalization: 3 out of the 5 years preceding the application for naturalization
Note: Israeli law (Law of Return, 5 July 1950) provides for the granting of citizenship to any Jew - defined as a person being born to a Jewish mother or having converted to Judaism while renouncing any other religion - who immigrates to and expresses a desire to settle in Israel on the basis of the Right of aliyah; the 1970 amendment of this act extended the right to family members including the spouse of a Jew, any child or grandchild, and the spouses of children and grandchildren

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; 17 years of age for municipal elections

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Isaac HERZOG (since 7 July 2021)
Head of government: on 13 November 2022, President HERZOG tasked Benjamin NETANYHU with forming a new government
Cabinet: Cabinet selected by prime minister and approved by the Knesset
Elections and appointments: president indirectly elected by the Knesset for a single 7-year term; election last held on 2 June 2021 (next to be held in June 2,028); following legislative elections, the president, in consultation with party leaders, tasks a Knesset member (usually the member of the largest party) with forming a new government
Election results: 2021: Issac HERZOG elected president; Knesset vote - Issac HERZOG (independent) 87, Miriam PERETZ (independent) 26, invalid/blank 7

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral Knesset (120 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3.25% vote threshold to gain representation; members serve 4-year terms)
Elections: last held on 1 November 2022 (next scheduled for November 2026)
Election results: percent by party - Likud 23.4%, Yesh Atid 17.8%, Religious Zionist Party 10.8%, National Unity 9.1%, Shas 8.2%, UTJ 5.9%, Yisrael Beiteinu 4.5%, United Arab List 4.1%, Hadash-Ta'al 3.8%, Labor 3.7%, Meretz 3.2%, other 1.6%; seats by party - Likud 32, Yesh Atid 24, Religious Zionist Party 14, National Unity 12, Shas 11, UTJ 7, Yisrael Beiteinu 6, Hadash-Ta'al 5, United Arab List 5, Labor 4; composition - men 91, women 29, percentage of women 24.2%

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the president, deputy president, 13 justices, and 2 registrars) and normally sits in panels of 3 justices; in special cases, the panel is expanded with an uneven number of justices
Judge selection and term of office: judges selected by the 9-member Judicial Selection Committee, consisting of the Minister of Justice (chair), the president of the Supreme Court, two other Supreme Court justices, 1 other Cabinet minister, 2 Knesset members, and 2 representatives of the Israel Bar Association; judges can serve up to mandatory retirement at age 70
Subordinate courts: district and magistrate courts; national and regional labor courts; family and juvenile courts; special and Rabbinical courts

Political parties and leaders: Blue and White [Benny GANTZ]
Joint Arab List [Ayman ODEH] (alliance includes Hadash, Ta’al, Balad)
Labor Party or HaAvoda [Merav MICHAELI]
Likud [Binyamin NETANYAHU]
Meretz [Zehava GAL-ON]
National Unity [alliance includes Blue and White and New Hope]
New Hope [Gideon SA'AR]
Religious Zionist Party [Bezalel SMOTRICH, chairperson]
SHAS [Aryeh DERI]
United Arab List [Mansour ABBAS]
United Torah Judaism or UTJ [Moshe GAFNI] (alliance includes Agudat Israel and Degel HaTorah)
Yamina [Ayelet SHAKED]
Yesh Atid [Yair LAPID]
Yisrael Beiteinu [Avigdor LIEBERMAN]

International organization participation: BIS, BSEC (observer), CE (observer), CERN, CICA, EBRD, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW (signatory), OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Michael HERZOG (since 5 September 2021)
In the us chancery: 3,514 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 364-5,500
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 364-5,607
In the us email address and website:
From the us chief of mission: ambassador Thomas NIDES (since 5 December 2021)
From the us embassy: 14 David Flusser Street, Jerusalem, 9,378,322
From the us mailing address: 6,350 Jerusalem Place, Washington DC 20,521-6,350
From the us telephone: [972] (2) 630-4,000
From the us FAX: [972] (2) 630-4,070
From the us email address and website:

Flag description: white with a blue hexagram (six-pointed linear star) known as the Magen David (Star of David or Shield of David) centered between two equal horizontal blue bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag; the basic design resembles a traditional Jewish prayer shawl (tallit), which is white with blue stripes; the hexagram as a Jewish symbol dates back to medieval times
Note: the Israeli flag proclamation states that the flag colors are sky blue and white, but the exact shade of blue has never been set and can vary from a light to a dark blue

National symbols: Star of David (Magen David), menorah (seven-branched lampstand); national colors: blue, white

National anthem
Name: "Hatikvah" (The Hope)
Lyrics and music: Naftali Herz IMBER/traditional, arranged by Samuel COHEN
Note: adopted 2004, unofficial since 1948; used as the anthem of the Zionist movement since 1897; the 1888 arrangement by Samuel COHEN is thought to be based on the Romanian folk song "Carul cu boi" (The Ox Driven Cart)

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 9 (all cultural)
Selected world heritage site locales:


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Economy overview

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real gdp growth rate:

Real gdp per capita:
Note: data are in 2017 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 55.1% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 22.8% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 20.1% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0.7% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 28.9% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -27.5% (2017 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 2.4% (2017 est.)
Industry: 26.5% (2017 est.)
Services: 69.5% (2017 est.)

Agriculture products: milk, potatoes, poultry, tomatoes, carrots, turnips, tangerines/mandarins, green chillies/peppers, eggs, vegetables

Industries: high-technology products (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, pharmaceuticals, construction, metal products, chemical products, plastics, cut diamonds, textiles, footwear

Industrial production growth rate: 3.5% (2017 est.)

Labor force: 3.893 million (2020 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 1.1%
By occupation industry: 17.3%
By occupation services: 81.6% (2015 est.)

Unemployment rate:

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15-24 total: 7.9%
Rate ages 15-24 male: 7.6%
Rate ages 15-24 female: 8.2% (2020 est.)

Population below poverty line: 22% (2014 est.)
Note: Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day

Gini index
Coefficient distribution of family income:

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 1.7%
Highest 10: 31.3% (2010)

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $93.11 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: $100.2 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: $-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues: 26.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Public debt:

Revenue
From forest resources forest revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices:

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance:

Exports:
Partners: United States 26%, China 9%, United Kingdom 7% (2020)
Commodities: diamonds, packaged medicines, medical instruments, integrated circuits, refined petroleum (2019)

Imports:
Partners: United States 12%, China 11%, Germany 7.5%, Switzerland 7%, Turkey 6% (2020)
Commodities: diamonds, cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment (2019)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

Debt external:

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2020)
Installed generating capacity: 18.993 million kW (2020 est.)
Consumption: 59,192,500,000 kWh (2019 est.)
Exports: $6.243 billion kWh (2020 est.)
Imports: 0 kWh (2020 est.)
Transmission distribution losses: 2.642 billion kWh (2019 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 93.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources solar: 5.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources wind: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Coal
Production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
Consumption: 5.089 million metric tons (2020 est.)
Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
Imports: 5.565 million metric tons (2020 est.)
Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Petroleum
Total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 232,400 bbl/day (2019 est.)
Crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil and lease condensate imports: 232,900 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 12.7 million barrels (2021 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum
Products production: 294,300 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Products exports: 111,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Products imports: 98,860 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Natural gas
Production: 10,474,299,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)
Consumption: 9,442,435,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)
Exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Imports: 820.508 million cubic meters (2019 est.)
Proven reserves: 176.017 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 61.092 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 13.653 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 29.416 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 18.023 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 113.273 million Btu/person (2019 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 3.37 million (2020 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2020 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 12.27 million (2020 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 142 (2020 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media: the Israel Broadcasting Corporation (est 2015) broadcasts on 3 channels, two in Hebrew and the other in Arabic; multi-channel satellite and cable TV packages provide access to foreign channels; the Israeli Broadcasting Corporation broadcasts on 8 radio networks with multiple repeaters and Israel Defense Forces Radio broadcasts over multiple stations; about 15 privately owned radio stations; overall more than 100 stations and repeater stations (2019)

Internet
Country code: .il
Users total: 8,293,590 (2020 est.)
Users percent of population: 90% (2020 est.)

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 2,602,079 (2020 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)


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Military expenditures:

Military and security forces: Israel Defense Forces (IDF): Ground Forces, Israel Naval Force (IN, includes commandos), Israel Air Force (IAF, includes air defense); Ministry of Public Security: Border Police (2022)
Note: the Border Police is a unit within the Israel Police with its own organizational and command structure; it works both independently as well as in cooperation with or in support of the Israel Police and the IDF

Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for compulsory military service; 17 years of age for voluntary military service; Jews and Druze can be conscripted; Christians, Circassians, and Muslims may volunteer; both sexes are obligated to military service; conscript service obligation is 32 months for enlisted men and about 24 months for enlisted women (varies based on military occupation); officers serve 48 months; pilots commit to 9 years of service; reserve obligation to age 41-51 (men), age 24 (women) (2022)

Space program

Terrorist groups: Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine; Palestinian Islamic Jihad
Note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <Appendix T.


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 6 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 64
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 7,404,373 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 994.54 million (2018) mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 4X

Airports
Total: 42 (2021)
With paved runways total: 33
With paved runways over 3047 m: 3
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 5
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 5
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 12
With paved runways under 914 m: 8 (2021)
With unpaved runways total: 9
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 3
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 6 (2021)

Heliports: 3 (2021)

Pipelines: 763 km gas, 442 km oil, 261 km refined products (2013)

Railways
Total: 1,384 km (2019) (2019)
Standard gauge: 1,384 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

Roadways
Total: 19,555 km (2017)
Paved: 19,555 km (2017) (includes 449 km of expressways)

Waterways

Merchant marine
Total: 41
By type: container ship 6, general cargo 2, oil tanker 4, other 29 (2021)

Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Ashdod, Elat (Eilat), Hadera, Haifa
Container ports teus: Ashdod (1,584,000) (2019)
Lng terminals import: Hadera


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Disputes international: Israel-Gaza Strip: Israel withdrew its settlers and military from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the West Bank in August 2005

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 12,181 (Eritrea), 5,061 (Ukraine) (2019)
Stateless persons: 42 (mid-year 2021)

Illicit drugs: increasingly concerned about ecstasy, cocaine, and heroin abuse; drugs arrive in country from Lebanon and, increasingly, from Jordan; money-laundering center