Map of Uzbekistan | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Uzbekistan is the geographic and population center of Central Asia. The country has a diverse economy and a relatively young population. Russia conquered and united the disparate territories of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to the overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, leaving the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half-dry. Independent since the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, the country has diversified agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base, although cotton remains a major part of its economy. Uzbekistan’s first president, Islom KARIMOV, led Uzbekistan for 25 years until his death in September 2016. His successor, former Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, has improved relations with Uzbekistan’s neighbors and introduced wide-ranging economic, judicial, and social reforms. MIRZIYOYEV was reelected in October 2021 with 80% of the vote.


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Location: Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan

Geographic coordinates: 41 00 N, 64 00 E

Map reference: Asia

Area
Total: 447,400 km²
Land: 425,400 km²
Water: 22,000 km²
Comparative: about four times the size of Virginia; slightly larger than California

Land boundaries
Total: 6,893 km
Border countries: (5) Afghanistan 144 km; Kazakhstan 2,330 km; Kyrgyzstan 1,314 km; Tajikistan 1,312 km; Turkmenistan 1,793 km

Coastline: 0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline

Maritime claims: none (doubly landlocked)

Climate: mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east

Terrain: mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zaravshan; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west

Elevation
Highest point: Xazrat Sulton Tog' 4,643 m
Lowest point: Sariqamish Kuli -12 m

Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum

Land use
Agricultural land: 62.6% (2018 est.)
Forest: 7.7% (2018 est.)
Other: 29.7% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 37,320 km² (2020)

Major rivers
By length in km: Syr Darya (shared with Kyrgyzstan [s], Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km; Amu Darya river mouth (shared with Tajikistan [s], Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan) - 2,620 km


Major watersheds area km²: Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: (Aral Sea basin) Amu Darya (534,739 km²), Syr Darya (782,617 km²)

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 2.41 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
Industrial: 2.13 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
Agricultural: 54.36 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 48.87 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Natural hazards: earthquakes; floods; landslides or mudslides; avalanches; droughts

Geography
Note: along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world


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Population
Distribution: most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, while the central and western deserts are sparsely populated: 31,104,937 (2022 est.)
Growth rate: 0.83% (2022 est.)
Below poverty line: 14.1% (2013 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Uzbekistani
Adjective: Uzbekistani

Ethnic groups: Uzbek 83.8%, Tajik 4.8%, Kazakh 2.5%, Russian 2.3%, Karakalpak 2.2%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.9% (2017 est.)

Languages: Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Major language samples:
Note: in the autonomous Karakalpakstan Republic, both the Karakalpak language and Uzbek have official status

Religions: Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 23.19% (male 3,631,693/female 3,456,750)
15-24 years: 16.63% (male 2,601,803/female 2,481,826)
25-54 years: 45.68% (male 6,955,260/female 7,006,172)
55-64 years: 8.63% (male 1,245,035/female 1,392,263)
65 years and over: 5.87% (male 768,769/female 1,025,840) (2020 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 54
Youth dependency ratio: 46.3
Elderly dependency ratio: 7.2
Potential support ratio: 13 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 30.1 years
Male: 29.4 years
Female: 30.7 years (2020 est.)

Population growth rate: 0.83% (2022 est.)

Birth rate: 15.53 births/1000 population (2022 est.)

Death rate: 5.41 deaths/1000 population (2022 est.)

Net migration rate: -1.78 migrant(s)/1000 population (2022 est.)

Population distribution: most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, while the central and western deserts are sparsely populated

Urbanization
Urban population: 50.5% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 2.603 million TASHKENT (capital) (2023)

Environment
Current issues: shrinkage of the Aral Sea has resulted in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification and respiratory health problems; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 25.29 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 91.81 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 96.16 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 23.7 years (2019 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio: 29 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 18.98 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 22.6 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 15.14 deaths/1000 live births (2022 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 75.29 years
Male: 72.27 years
Female: 78.5 years (2022 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.73 children born/woman (2022 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA

Drinking water source
Improved:
Unimproved:

Current health expenditure: 5.6% of GDP (2019)

Physicians density: 2.37 physicians/1000 population (2014)

Hospital bed density: 4 beds/1000 population (2014)

Sanitation facility access
Improved:
Unimproved:

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: 0.2% (2021 est.)

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 16.6% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 2.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 0.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 2.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use
Total: 17.6% (2020 est.)
Male: 34% (2020 est.)
Female: 1.1% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 2.9% (2017)

Education expenditures: 4.9% of GDP (2020 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 100%
Male: 100%
Female: 100% (2019)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 12 years
Male: 12 years
Female: 12 years (2021)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15-24 total: 13.2%
Rate ages 15-24 male: 21.5%
Rate ages 15-24 female: 8.3% (2020)


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan
Conventional short form: Uzbekistan
Local long form: O'zbekiston Respublikasi
Local short form: O'zbekiston
Former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Etymology: a combination of the Turkic words "uz" (self) and "bek" (master) with the Persian suffix "-stan" (country) to give the meaning "Land of the Free"

Government type: presidential republic; highly authoritarian

Capital
Name: Tashkent (Toshkent)
Geographic coordinates: 41 19 N, 69 15 E
Time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Etymology: tash means "stone" and kent means "city" in Turkic languages, so the name simply denotes "stone city"

Administrative divisions: 12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonom respublikasi), and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati [Bukhara Province], Farg'ona Viloyati [Fergana Province], Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati [Samarkand Province], Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Tashkent Province], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)
Note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

Dependent areas

Independence: 1 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

National holiday: Independence Day, 1 September (1991)

Constitution
History: several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992
Amendments: proposed by the Supreme Assembly or by referendum; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of both houses of the Assembly or passage in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2017

Legal system: civil law system; note - in early 2020, the president signed an amendment to the criminal code, criminal procedure code, and code of administrative responsibility

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descentonly: at least one parent must be a citizen of Uzbekistan
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (interim president from 8 September 2016; formally elected president on 4 December 2016 to succeed longtime President Islom KARIMOV, who died on 2 September 2016
Head of government: Prime Minister Abdulla ARIPOV (since 14 December 2016)
Cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with most requiring approval of the Senate chamber of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)
Elections and appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term; previously a 5-year term, extended by a 2002 constitutional amendment to 7 years, and reverted to 5 years in 2011); election last held on 24 October 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister nominated by majority party in legislature since 2011, but appointed along with the ministers and deputy ministers by the president
Election results:

Legislative branch
Description: bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats; 84 members indirectly elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
Legislative Chamber or Qonunchilik Palatasi (150 seats statutory, 144 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 5-year terms)
Elections: Senate - last held 16-17 January 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
Legislative Chamber - last held on 22 December 2019 and 5 January 2020 (next to be held in December 2024)
Election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition as of late 2022 - men 75, women 25, percent of women 25%
Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 53, National Revival Democratic Party 36, Adolat 24, PDP 22, Ecological Movement 15; composition - men 96, women, 48, percent of women 33.3%; note - total Supreme Assembly percent of women 29.1%
Note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of 67 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and economic sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)
Judge selection and term of office: judges of the highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for initial 5-year term and can be reappointed for subsequent 10-year and lifetime terms
Subordinate courts: regional, district, city, and town courts

Political parties and leaders: Ecological Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Ekologik Partivasi) [Narzullo OBLOMURODOV]
Justice (Adolat) Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan [Bahrom ABDUKHALIMOV]
Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Liberal-Demokratik Partiyasi) or LDPU [Aktam HAITOV]
National Revival Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Milliy Tiklanish Demokratik Partiyasi) [Alisher QODIROV]
People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Xalq Demokratik Partiyas) or PDP [Ulugbek Ilyosovich INOYATOV] (formerly Communist Party)

International organization participation: ADB, CICA, CIS, EAEU (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EEU (observer), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Javlon VAHOBOV (since 29 November 2017)
In the us chancery: 1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,036
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 887-5,300
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 293-6,804
In the us email address and website:
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Daniel ROSENBLUM (since 24 May 2019)
From the us embassy: 3 Moyqorghon, 5th Block, Yunusobod District, 100,093 Tashkent
From the us mailing address: 7,110 Tashkent Place, Washington DC 20,521-7,110
From the us telephone: [998] 78-120-5,450
From the us FAX: [998] 78-120-6,335
From the us email address and website:

Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a vertical, white crescent moon (closed side to the hoist) and 12 white, five-pointed stars shifted to the hoist on the top band; blue is the color of the Turkic peoples and of the sky, white signifies peace and the striving for purity in thoughts and deeds, while green represents nature and is the color of Islam; the red stripes are the vital force of all living organisms that links good and pure ideas with the eternal sky and with deeds on earth; the crescent represents Islam and the 12 stars the months and constellations of the Uzbek calendar

National symbols: khumo (mythical bird); national colors: blue, white, red, green

National anthem
Name: "O'zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi" (National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan)
Lyrics and music: Abdulla ARIPOV/Mutal BURHANOV
Note: adopted 1992; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet Republic but adopted new lyrics

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 5 (4 cultural, 1 natural)
Selected world heritage site locales:


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Economy overview

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real gdp growth rate:

Real gdp per capita:
Note: data are in 2017 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 59.5% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 16.3% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 25.3% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 3% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 19% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -20% (2017 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 17.9% (2017 est.)
Industry: 33.7% (2017 est.)
Services: 48.5% (2017 est.)

Agriculture products: milk, wheat, potatoes, carrots/turnips, cotton, tomatoes, vegetables, grapes, onions, watermelons

Industries: textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals

Industrial production growth rate: 4.5% (2017 est.)

Labor force: 13.273 million (2018 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 25.9%
By occupation industry: 13.2%
By occupation services: 60.9% (2012 est.)

Unemployment rate:
Note: official data; another 20% are underemployed

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15-24 total: 13.2%
Rate ages 15-24 male: 21.5%
Rate ages 15-24 female: 8.3% (2020)

Population below poverty line: 14.1% (2013 est.)

Gini index
Coefficient distribution of family income:

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 2.8%
Highest 10: 29.6% (2003)

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $15.22 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: $15.08 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: $0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues: 31.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Public debt:

Revenue
From forest resources forest revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal coal revenues: 0.06% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices:
Note: official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices, inflation reached 22% in 2012

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance:

Exports:
Partners: Switzerland 19%, United Kingdom 17%, Russia 15%, China 14%, Kazakhstan 9%, Turkey 8%, Kyrgyzstan 5% (2019)
Commodities: gold, natural gas, cotton fibers, copper, ethylene polymers (2019)

Imports:
Partners: China 23%, Russia 18%, South Korea 11%, Kazakhstan 9%, Turkey 6%, Germany 5% (2019)
Commodities: cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, refined petroleum, aircraft, construction vehicles (2019)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

Debt external:

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2020)
Installed generating capacity: 16.042 million kW (2020 est.)
Consumption: 57,605,687,000 kWh (2019 est.)
Exports: $2.067 billion kWh (2019 est.)
Imports: 3.379 billion kWh (2019 est.)
Transmission distribution losses: 3.858 billion kWh (2019 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 88.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources solar: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 11.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Coal
Production: 3.98 million metric tons (2020 est.)
Consumption: 5.668 million metric tons (2020 est.)
Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)
Imports: 2.995 million metric tons (2020 est.)
Proven reserves: 1.375 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Petroleum
Total petroleum production: 5,200 bbl/day (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 98,200 bbl/day (2019 est.)
Crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil and lease condensate imports: 24,000 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 594 million barrels (2021 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum
Products production: 61,740 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products exports: 3,977 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products imports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Natural gas
Production: 46,968,227,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)
Consumption: 43,882,007,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)
Exports: 13,283,524,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)
Imports: 0 cubic meters (2020 est.)
Proven reserves: 1,840,592,000,000 cubic meters (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 102.965 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 7.816 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 11.53 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 83.619 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 57.709 million Btu/person (2019 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 3,550,069 (2020 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 33.387 million (2022)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2022)

Telephone system

Broadcast media: the government controls media; 17 state-owned broadcasters - 13 TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast to local markets; privately owned TV stations are required to lease transmitters from the government-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation; in 2019, the Uzbek Agency for Press and Information was reorganized into the Agency of Information and Mass Communications and became part of the Uzbek Presidential Administration with recent appointment of the Uzbek President's elder daughter as it deputy director (2019)

Internet
Country code: .uz
Users total: 17,161,534 (July 2022 est.)
Users percent of population: 50.1% (July 2022 est.)

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 4,820,009 (2020 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2020 est.)


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Military expenditures:

Military and security forces: Armed Forces of Uzbekistan: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces; National Guard; Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Security Troops, Border Guards, police (2022)
Note: the National Guard, also under the Ministry of Defense, ensures public order and security of diplomatic missions, radio and television broadcasting, and other state entities

Military service age and obligation: 18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; 12-month conscript service obligation for men (those conscripted have the option of paying for a shorter service of 1 month while remaining in the reserves until the age of 27); Uzbek citizens who have completed their service terms in the armed forces have privileges in employment and admission to higher educational institutions (2022)

Space program

Terrorist groups: Islamic Jihad Union; Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - Khorasan (ISIS-K)
Note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix T.


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 34
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 3,056,558 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 89.43 million (2018) mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: UK

Airports
Total: 53 (2021)
With paved runways total: 33
With paved runways over 3047 m: 6
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 13
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 6
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 4
With paved runways under 914 m: 4 (2021)
With unpaved runways total: 20
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 2
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 18 (2021)

Heliports

Pipelines: 13,700 km gas, 944 km oil (2016)

Railways
Total: 4,642 km (2018)
Broadgauge: 4,642 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge (1,684 km electrified)

Roadways
Total: 86,496 km (2000)
Paved: 75,511 km (2000)
Unpaved: 10,985 km (2000)

Waterways: 1,100 km (2012)

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals
River ports: Termiz (Amu Darya)


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Disputes international: Uzbekistan-Afghanistan: none identified

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Stateless persons: 59,136 (mid-year 2021)

Illicit drugs: transit country for Afghan opium and heroin destined for Russia and the European Union; also transit country for hashish, cannabis products, New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), and synthetic drugs; cannabis and poppy are cultivated in small amounts for personal use and local sale