Map of Angola | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background:


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Location: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

Geographic coordinates: 12 30 S, 18 30 E

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 1,246,700 km²
Land: 1,246,700 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: about eight times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Country comparison total: 5,369 km
Country comparison border countries: (4) Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,646 km; (of which 225 km; is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province) Republic of the Congo 231 km; Namibia 1,427 km; Zambia 1,065 km

Land boundaries
Total: 5,369 km
Border countries: (4) Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,646 km; (of which 225 km; is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province) Republic of the Congo 231 km; Namibia 1,427 km; Zambia 1,065 km

Coastline: 1,600 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Terrain: narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Elevation
Highest point: Moca 2,620 m
Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Mean elevation: 1,112 m

Natural resources: petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Land use
Agricultural land: 45.7% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 3.9% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 41.5% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land forest: 54.3% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 860 km² (2014)

Major rivers
By length in km: Rio Zambeze (Zambezi) (shared with Zambia [s], Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km; Rio Cubango (Okavango) river source (shared with Namibia and Botswana [m]) - 1,600 km
By length in km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds area km²: Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 km²); Indian Ocean drainage: Zambezi (1,332,412 km²); Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Okavango Basin (863,866 km²)

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 320 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 240 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 150 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 148.4 billion m³ (2020 est.)

Natural hazards: locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

Geography
Note: the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo


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Population
Distribution: most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda as shown in this population distribution map
Total: 37,202,061
Male: 18,196,058
Female: 19,006,003 (2024 est.)
Growth rate: 3.33% (2024 est.)
Below poverty line: 32.3% (2018 est.)
Below poverty line note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Nationality
Noun: Angolan(s)
Adjective: Angolan

Ethnic groups: Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, Mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%

Languages: Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6% (2014 est.)
Note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census

Religions: Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 46.9% (male 8,752,419/female 8,701,422)
15-64 years: 50.7% (male 9,076,080/female 9,795,035)
65 years and over: 2.4% (2024 est.) (male 367,559/female 509,546)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 91.5
Youth dependency ratio: 86.5
Elderly dependency ratio: 5
Potential support ratio: 20.1 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 16.3 years (2024 est.)
Male: 15.8 years
Female: 16.8 years

Population growth rate: 3.33% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 41.1 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 7.6 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate: -0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution: most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda as shown in this population distribution map

Urbanization
Urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 9.292 million LUANDA (capital), 959,000 Lubango, 905,000 Cabinda, 809,000 Benguela, 783,000 Malanje (2023)

Environment
Current issues: overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 27.16 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 34.69 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 23.28 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 19.4 years (2015/16 est.)
Note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Maternal mortality ratio: 222 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 55.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 60.7 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 50.3 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 62.9 years (2024 est.)
Male: 60.8 years
Female: 65.1 years

Total fertility rate: 5.7 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 13.7% (2015/16)

Drinking water source
Improved urban: 81.3% of population
Unimproved rural: 63.5% of population
Unimproved total: 33.5% of population (2020 est.)
Unimproved urban: 18.7% of population

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 93.7% of population
Improved rural: 30.3% of population
Improved total: 72.7% of population
Unimproved urban: 6.3% of population
Unimproved rural: 69.7% of population
Unimproved total: 27.3% of population (2020 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 8.2% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 5.84 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 3.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 1.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 19% (2015/16)

Education expenditures: 2.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 71.1%
Male: 82.6%
Female: 62.4% (2015)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 28.2% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 30.7% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 25.8% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Angola
Conventional short form: Angola
Local long form: Republica de Angola
Local short form: Angola
Former: People's Republic of Angola
Etymology: name derived by the Portuguese from the title 'ngola' held by kings of the Ndongo (Ndongo was a kingdom in what is now Angola)

Government type: presidential republic

Capital
Name: Luanda
Geographic coordinates: 8 50 S, 13 13 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time
Etymology: originally named 'Sao Paulo da Assuncao de Loanda' (Saint Paul of the Assumption of Loanda), which over time was shortened and corrupted to just Luanda

Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza-Norte, Cuanza-Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda-Norte, Lunda-Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

Dependent areas

Independence: 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

Constitution
History: previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010
Amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic

Legal system: civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017)
Head of government: President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
Elections/appointments: the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term); last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held in 2,027)
Election results: Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by then winning party following the 24 August 2022 general election

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by closed list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)
Elections: last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held in 2,027)
Elections results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 51.1%, UNITA 43.9%, FNLA 1.1%, PHA 1%, PRS 1.1%, other 1.7%; seats by party - MPLA 124, UNITA 90, FNLA 2, PHA 2, PRS 2; composition- men 135, women 85, percentage women 38.6%

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body chaired by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms
Subordinate courts: provincial and municipal courts

Political parties and leaders: Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE , Humanist Party of Angola or PHI , National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA

International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: chief of mission: Ambassador Agostinho de Carvalho dos Santos VAN-DÚNEM (since 30 June 2023)
In the us chancery: 2,108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20,009
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156
In the us fax: [1] (202) 822-9,049
In the us email address and website: info@angola.org; [link]
In the us consulates general: Houston, New York
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Ambassador James Story (since 23 October 2024)
From the us embassy: Rua Houari Boumedienne, #32, Luanda
From the us mailing address: 2,550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20,521-2,550
From the us telephone: [244] (222) 64-1000
From the us fax: [244] (222) 64-1000
From the us email address and website: Consularluanda@state.gov; [link]

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty and black the African continent; the symbols characterize workers and peasants

National symbols: Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope); national colors: red, black, yellow

National anthem
Name: 'Angola Avante' (Forward Angola)
Lyrics/music: Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO
Note: adopted 1975

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 1 (cultural)
Selected world heritage site locales:


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Economy overview: middle-income, oil-dependent African economy; widespread poverty; rising inflation and currency depreciation; seeking diversification through agricultural production; significant corruption in public institutions; major infrastructure investments from China and US; exited OPEC in 2023

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $265.868 billion (2023 est.); $263.611 billion (2022 est.); $255.821 billion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: 0.86% (2023 est.); 3.05% (2022 est.); 1.2% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: $7,200 (2023 est.); $7,400 (2022 est.); $7,400 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 53.8% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 6.4% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 26.6% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 39.9% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -26.7% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 14.9% (2023 est.)
Industry: 45.3% (2023 est.)
Services: 39.7% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products: cassava, bananas, maize, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, pineapples, tomatoes, onions, potatoes, citrus fruits (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries: petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair

Industrial production growth rate: -7.18% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force: 15.223 million (2023 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate: 14.62% (2023 est.); 14.69% (2022 est.); 15.8% (2021 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 28.2% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 30.7% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 25.8% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line: 32.3% (2018 est.)
Note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $18.117 billion (2019 est.)
Expenditures: $13.871 billion (2019 est.)
Note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Taxes and other revenues: 10.09% (of GDP) (2019 est.)
Note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Public debt: 65% of GDP (2017 est.)

Revenue
From forest resources: 0.36% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 13.64% (2023 est.); 21.36% (2022 est.); 25.75% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: $4.21 billion (2023 est.); $11.763 billion (2022 est.); $8.399 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports: $36.961 billion (2023 est.); $50.12 billion (2022 est.); $33.675 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: China 40%, India 9%, Netherlands 7%, France 7%, UAE 7% (2022)
Partners note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Commodities: crude petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, ships, refined petroleum (2022)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $23.676 billion (2023 est.); $28.564 billion (2022 est.); $18.845 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: China 24%, Portugal 10%, Netherlands 8%, UAE 5%, India 4% (2022)
Partners note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Commodities: refined petroleum, wheat, cars, poultry, palm oil (2022)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $13.942 billion (2023 est.); $13.655 billion (2022 est.); $14.468 billion (2021 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt external: $46.549 billion (2022 est.)
Note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 48.5% (2022 est.)
Access electrification urban areas: 76.2%
Access electrification rural areas: 7.3% (2018 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 7.588 million kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 14.986 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 1.954 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 25% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 74.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Coal
Imports: 3,000 metric tons (2022 est.)

Petroleum
Total petroleum production: 1.175 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 127,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 7.783 billion barrels (2021 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas
Production: 5.514 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Consumption: 1.397 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Exports: 4.116 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Proven reserves: 343.002 billion m³ (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 19.818 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 8,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 17.069 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 2.741 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 9.61 million Btu/person (2022 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 94,000 (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 23.978 million (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 67 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.); 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.); 1.4% of GDP (2021 est.); 1.7% of GDP (2020 est.); 1.8% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military and security forces: Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army); Ministry of Interior: National Police, Border Guard Police (2024)

Military service age and obligation: 20-45 years of age for compulsory and 18-45 years for voluntary military service for men (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary service for women; 24-month conscript service obligation; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy is entirely staffed with volunteers (2023)

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 10 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 55
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,516,628 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 78.16 million (2018) mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: D2

Airports: 106 (2024)

Heliports: 2 (2024)

Pipelines: 352 km gas, 85 km liquid petroleum gas, 1,065 km oil, 5 km oil/gas/water (2013)

Railways

Roadways
Total: 76,000 km
Paved: 13,680 km (2020)

Waterways: 1,300 km (2011)

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2023); 22,841 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)

Illicit drugs: used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa