Map of Mauritania | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background:


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Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Senegal and Western Sahara

Geographic coordinates: 20 00 N, 12 00 W

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 1,030,700 km²
Land: 1,030,700 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: slightly larger than three times the size of New Mexico; about six times the size of Florida
Country comparison total: 5,002 km
Country comparison border countries: (4) Algeria 460 km; Mali 2,236 km; Morocco 1,564 km; Senegal 742 km

Land boundaries
Total: 5,002 km
Border countries: (4) Algeria 460 km; Mali 2,236 km; Morocco 1,564 km; Senegal 742 km

Coastline: 754 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Climate: desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty

Terrain: mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills

Elevation
Highest point: Kediet Ijill 915 m
Lowest point: Sebkhet Te-n-Dghamcha -5 m
Mean elevation: 276 m

Natural resources: iron ore, gypsum, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold, oil, fish

Land use
Agricultural land: 38.5% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 0.4% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 38.1% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land forest: 0.2% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land other: 61.3% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 450 km² (2012)

Major rivers
By length in km: Senegal river mouth (shared with Guinea [s], Senegal and Mali) - 1,641 km
By length in km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds area km²: Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 km²), Senegal (456,397 km²)

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 100 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 30 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 1.2 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 11.4 billion m³ (2020 est.)

Natural hazards: hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind primarily in March and April; periodic droughts

Geography
Note: Mauritania is considered both a part of North Africa's Maghreb region and West Africa's Sahel region; most of the population is concentrated in the cities of Nouakchott and Nouadhibou and along the Senegal River in the southern part of the country


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Population
Distribution: with most of the country being a desert, vast areas of the country, particularly in the central, northern, and eastern areas, are without sizeable population clusters; half the population lives in or around the coastal capital of Nouakchott; smaller clusters are found near the southern border with Mali and Senegal as shown in this population distribution map
Total: 4,328,040
Male: 2,083,690
Female: 2,244,350 (2024 est.)
Growth rate: 1.92% (2024 est.)
Below poverty line: 31.8% (2019 est.)
Below poverty line note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Nationality
Noun: Mauritanian(s)
Adjective: Mauritanian

Ethnic groups: Black Moors (Haratines - Arabic-speaking descendants of African origin who are or were enslaved by White Moors) 40%, White Moors (of Arab-Amazigh descent, known as Beydane) 30%, Sub-Saharan Mauritanians (non-Arabic speaking, largely resident in or originating from the Senegal River Valley, including Halpulaar, Fulani, Soninke, Wolof, and Bambara ethnic groups) 30%

Languages: Arabic (official and national), Pular, Soninke, Wolof (all national languages), French
Major-language samples: دليل جيوس العالمي، المصدر الذي لا غنى عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic); Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.
Note: the spoken Arabic in Mauritania differs considerably from Modern Standard Arabic; the Mauritanian dialect, which incorporates many Tamazight words, is referred to as Hassaniya

Religions: Muslim (official) 100%

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 35.7% (male 776,035/female 770,132)
15-64 years: 59.9% (male 1,227,347/female 1,363,938)
65 years and over: 4.4% (2024 est.) (male 80,308/female 110,280)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 82.7
Youth dependency ratio: 76.8
Elderly dependency ratio: 6
Potential support ratio: 16.8 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 22.1 years (2024 est.)
Male: 21.1 years
Female: 23.1 years

Population growth rate: 1.92% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 27.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate: -0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution: with most of the country being a desert, vast areas of the country, particularly in the central, northern, and eastern areas, are without sizeable population clusters; half the population lives in or around the coastal capital of Nouakchott; smaller clusters are found near the southern border with Mali and Senegal as shown in this population distribution map

Urbanization
Urban population: 57.7% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 3.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 1.492 million NOUAKCHOTT (capital) (2023)

Environment
Current issues: overgrazing, deforestation, and soil erosion aggravated by drought are contributing to desertification; limited natural freshwater resources away from the Senegal, which is the only perennial river; locust infestation
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 41.98 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 2.74 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 6.16 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 21.8 years (2019/21)
Note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Maternal mortality ratio: 465 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 48.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 54.8 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 42.9 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 65.9 years (2024 est.)
Male: 63.4 years
Female: 68.5 years

Total fertility rate: 3.4 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 11.5% (2019/20)

Drinking water source
Improved urban: 98.7% of population
Unimproved rural: 31.6% of population
Unimproved total: 14.8% of population (2020 est.)
Unimproved urban: 1.3% of population

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 83.5% of population
Improved rural: 25.2% of population
Improved total: 57.5% of population
Unimproved urban: 16.5% of population
Unimproved rural: 74.8% of population
Unimproved total: 42.5% of population (2020 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 12.7% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use
Total: 10.7% (2020 est.)
Male: 19.3% (2020 est.)
Female: 2.1% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 22.4% (2022)

Education expenditures: 1.9% of GDP (2020 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 67%
Male: 71.8%
Female: 62.2% (2021)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 9 years
Male: 8 years
Female: 9 years (2020)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 23.7% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 20.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 30.9% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Mauritania
Conventional short form: Mauritania
Local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah
Local short form: Muritaniyah
Etymology: named for the ancient kingdom of Mauretania (3rd century B.C. to 1st century A.D.) and the subsequent Roman province (1st-7th centuries A.D.), which existed further north in present-day Morocco; the name derives from the Mauri (Moors), the Berber-speaking peoples of northwest Africa

Government type: presidential republic

Capital
Name: Nouakchott
Geographic coordinates: 18 04 N, 15 58 W
Time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Etymology: may derive from the Berber 'nawakshut' meaning 'place of the winds'

Administrative divisions: 15 regions (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh ech Chargui, Hodh El Gharbi, Inchiri, Nouakchott Nord, Nouakchott Ouest, Nouakchott Sud, Tagant, Tiris Zemmour, Trarza

Dependent areas

Independence: 28 November 1960 (from France)

National holiday: Independence Day, 28 November (1960)

Constitution
History: previous 1964; latest adopted 12 July 1991
Amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; consideration of amendments by Parliament requires approval of at least one third of the membership; a referendum is held only if the amendment is approved by two-thirds majority vote; passage by referendum requires simple majority vote by eligible voters; passage of amendments proposed by the president can bypass a referendum if approved by at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament; amended 2006, 2012, 2017

Legal system: mixed legal system of Islamic and French civil law

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Mauritania
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Mohamed Ould Cheikh el GHAZOUANI (since 1 August 2019)
Head of government: Prime Minister Moctar Ould DIAY (since 2 August 2024)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers - nominees suggested by the prime minister, appointed by the president
Elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 June 2024 (next to be held in June 2,029); prime minister appointed by the president
Election results: 2024: Mohamed Ould Cheikh el GHAZOUANI reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Mohamed Ould Cheikh el GHAZOUANI (UPR) 56.1%, Biram Dah Ould ABEID (independent) 22.1%, Hamadi Sidi el MOKHTAR independent) 12.8%, other 9.0%; 2019: Mohamed Ould Cheikh el GHAZOUANI elected president in first round; percent of vote - Mohamed Ould Cheikh el GHAZOUANI (UPR) 52%, Biram Dah Ould ABEID (independent) 18.6%, Sidi Mohamed Ould BOUBACAR (independent) 17.9%, other 11.5%

Legislative branch
Description: bicameral Parliament or Barlamane consists of: Senate or Majlis al-Shuyukh (56 seats, 53 members elected for a six-year term by municipal councilors, with one third renewed every two years), National Assembly or Al Jamiya Al Wataniya (176 seats statutory; 88 members filled from one or two seat constituencies elected by a two-round majority system and the other 88 members filled from a single, nationwide constituency directly elected by proportional representation vote); 20 seats are reserved for women candidates in the nationwide constituency, 11 seats are reserved for young candidates (aged between 25 and 35), and 4 members directly elected by the diaspora; all members serve 5-year terms
Elections: last held on 13 May 2023 with a second round on 27 May 2023 (next to be held in May 2,028)
Elections results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - El Insaf 107, Tawassoul 11, UDP 10, FRUD 7, El Islah 6, AND 6, El Karama 5, Nida Al-Watan 5, Sawab 5, AJD/MR 4, HIWAR 3, HATEM 3, El Vadila 2, UPC 1, Hakam 1; composition- men 135, women 41, percentage women 23.3%
Note: the early parliamentary elections in 2023 were the first to be held under President Mohamed Ould Cheikh El GHAZOUANI, elected in 2019 in the first peaceful transition of power; the elections followed the agreement between the government and parties in September 2022 to renew the Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI) and hold the elections in the first semester of 2023 for climatic and logistical reasons

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (subdivided into 7 chambers: 2 civil, 2 labor, 1 commercial, 1 administrative, and 1 criminal, each with a chamber president and 2 councilors); Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members); High Court of Justice (consists of 9 members)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by the president of the republic to serve a 5-year renewable term; Constitutional Council members appointed - 3 by the president of the republic, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, 1 by the prime minister, 1 by the leader of the democratic opposition, 1 by the largest opposition party in the National Assembly, and 1 by the second largest party in the National Assembly; members serve single, 9-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 3 years; High Court of Justice members appointed by Parliament - 6 by the ruling Coalition of Majority Parties and 3 by opposition parties
Subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; courts of first instance or wilya courts are established in the regions' headquarters and include commercial and labor courts, criminal courts, Moughataa (district) Courts, and informal/customary courts

Political parties and leaders: Alliance for Justice and Democracy/Movement for Renewal or AJD/MR, El Insaf or Equity Party, El Islah or Reform Party, El Karama or Dignity Party, El Vadila or Virtue Party, Mauritanian Party of Union and Change or HATEM, National Democratic Alliance or AND, National Rally for Reform and Development or RNRD or TAWASSOUL, Nida El-Watan, Party for Conciliation and Prosperity or HIWAR, Party of the Mauritanian Masses or Hakam, Republican Front for Unity and Democracy or FRUD, Sawab Party, Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP, Union of Planning and Construction or UPC

International organization participation: ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: chief of mission: Ambassador Cissé Mint Cheikh Ould BOIDE (since 15 September 2021)
In the us chancery: 2,129 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 232-5,700
In the us fax: [1] (202) 319-2,623
In the us email address and website: ambarimwashington@diplomatie.gov.mr, mauritaniaembassyus.org – Mauritania Embassy washington
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Cynthia KIERSCHT (since 27 January 2021)
From the us embassy: Nouadhibou Road, Avenue Al Quds, NOT PRTZ, Nouakchott
From the us mailing address: 2,430 Nouakchott Place, Washington DC 20,521-2,430
From the us telephone: [222] 4,525-2,660
From the us fax: [222] 4,525-1592
From the us email address and website: consularnkc@state.gov; [link]

Flag description: green with a yellow, five-pointed star between the horns of a yellow, upward-pointing crescent moon; red stripes along the top and bottom edges; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam; green also represents hope for a bright future; the yellow color stands for the sands of the Sahara; red symbolizes the blood shed in the struggle for independence

National symbols: five-pointed star between the horns of a horizontal crescent moon; national colors: green, yellow

National anthem
Name: 'Bilāda l-ʾubāti l-hudāti l-kirām' (Land of the Proud, Guided by Noblemen)
Lyrics/music: unknown/traditional, Rageh DAOUD
Note: adopted 28 November 2017, preceded by 'National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania'

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 2 (1 cultural, 1 natural)
Selected world heritage site locales:


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Economy overview: lower middle-income West African economy; primarily agrarian; rising urbanization; poor property rights; systemic corruption; endemic social and workforce tensions; wide-scale terrorism; foreign over-fishing; environmentally fragile

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $30.395 billion (2023 est.); $29.4 billion (2022 est.); $27.635 billion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: 3.38% (2023 est.); 6.39% (2022 est.); 0.74% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: $6,300 (2023 est.); $6,200 (2022 est.); $6,000 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 53.3% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 18.1% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 27.4% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: 9.1% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 44.2% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -52.2% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 19.9% (2023 est.)
Industry: 30.9% (2023 est.)
Services: 42.5% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products: rice, milk, sorghum, goat milk, sheep milk, lamb/mutton, beef, camel meat, camel milk, dates (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries: fish processing, oil production, mining (iron ore, gold, copper)
Note: gypsum deposits have never been exploited

Industrial production growth rate: -0.48% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force: 1.179 million (2023 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate: 10.51% (2023 est.); 10.6% (2022 est.); 11.07% (2021 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 23.7% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 20.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 30.9% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line: 31.8% (2019 est.)
Note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $1.617 billion (2019 est.)
Expenditures: $1.407 billion (2019 est.)

Taxes and other revenues: 27.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Public debt: 96.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

Revenue
From forest resources: 1.3% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 4.95% (2023 est.); 9.53% (2022 est.); 3.57% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: -$1.424 billion (2022 est.); -$807.862 million (2021 est.); -$576.175 million (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports: $4.132 billion (2022 est.); $3.18 billion (2021 est.); $2.784 billion (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: China 24%, Canada 12%, UAE 12%, Spain 9%, Turkey 6% (2022)
Partners note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Commodities: gold, iron ore, fish, processed crustaceans, animal meal (2022)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $5.77 billion (2022 est.); $4.312 billion (2021 est.); $3.675 billion (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: China 18%, Spain 7%, Morocco 6%, UAE 6%, Indonesia 6% (2022)
Partners note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Commodities: refined petroleum, iron pipes, wheat, raw sugar, palm oil (2022)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $2.039 billion (2021 est.); $1.493 billion (2020 est.); $1.029 billion (2019 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt external: $3.172 billion (2022 est.)
Note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 49% (2022 est.)
Access electrification urban areas: 91.6%
Installed generating capacity: 675,000 kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 1.658 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Imports: 193.742 million kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 231.44 million kWh (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 70.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources solar: 8.3% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources wind: 9.2% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 12.4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Coal
Imports: 58 metric tons (2022 est.)

Petroleum
Refined petroleum consumption: 29,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 20 million barrels (2021 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas
Proven reserves: 28.317 billion m³ (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 4.322 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 4.322 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 13.306 million Btu/person (2022 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 48,000 (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 5.358 million (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 113 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: 2.5% of GDP (2023 est.); 2.5% of GDP (2022 est.); 2.4% of GDP (2021 est.); 2.5% of GDP (2020 est.); 2.1% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military and security forces: Mauritanian Armed Forces (aka Armée Nationale Mauritanienne): National Army, National Navy (Marine Nationale), Mauritania Islamic Air Force; Gendarmerie (Ministry of Defense); Ministry of Interior and Decentralization: National Police, National Guard (2024)
Note 1: the National Police are responsible for enforcing the law and maintaining order in urban areas, while the paramilitary Gendarmerie is responsible for maintaining civil order around metropolitan areas and providing law enforcement services in rural areas; like the Mauritanian Armed Forces, the Gendarmerie is under the Ministry of Defense, but also supports the ministries of Interior and Justice
Note 2: the National Guard performs a limited police function in keeping with its peacetime role of providing security at government facilities, to include prisons; regional authorities may call upon the National Guard to restore civil order during riots and other large-scale disturbances

Military service age and obligation: 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; has a compulsory two-year military service law, but the law has reportedly never been applied (2023)

Space program

Terrorist groups: Al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 6
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 454,435 (2018)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 5T

Airports: 25 (2024)

Heliports: 3 (2024)

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways
Total: 12,253 km
Paved: 3,988 km
Unpaved: 8,265 km

Waterways: 1,086 km (2022) (some navigation possible on the Senegal River)

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 26,000 (Sahrawis) (2021); 104,080 (Mali) (2023)

Illicit drugs: NA