Map of Mozambique | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background:


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Location: Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania

Geographic coordinates: 18 15 S, 35 00 E

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 799,380 km²
Land: 786,380 km²
Water: 13,000 km²
Comparative: slightly more than five times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of California
Country comparison total: 4,783 km
Country comparison border countries: (6) Malawi 1498 km; South Africa 496 km; Eswatini 108 km; Tanzania 840 km; Zambia 439 km; Zimbabwe 1,402 km

Land boundaries
Total: 4,783 km
Border countries: (6) Malawi 1498 km; South Africa 496 km; Eswatini 108 km; Tanzania 840 km; Zambia 439 km; Zimbabwe 1,402 km

Coastline: 2,470 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate: tropical to subtropical

Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west

Elevation
Highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m
Lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
Mean elevation: 345 m

Natural resources: coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite

Land use
Agricultural land: 56.3% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 6.4% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 49.6% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land forest: 43.7% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land other: 0% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 1,180 km² (2012)

Major rivers
By length in km: Rio Zambeze (Zambezi) river mouth (shared with Zambia [s]), Angola, Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe) - 2,740 km; Rio Limpopo river mouth (shared with South Africa [s], Botswana, and Zimbabwe) - 1,800 km
By length in km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds area km²: Indian Ocean drainage: Zambezi (1,332,412 km²)

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 370 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 30 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 1.08 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 217.1 billion m³ (2020 est.)

Natural hazards: severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces

Geography
Note: the Zambezi River flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country


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Population
Distribution: three large populations clusters are found along the southern coast between Maputo and Inhambane, in the central area between Beira and Chimoio along the Zambezi River, and in and around the northern cities of Nampula, Cidade de Nacala, and Pemba; the northwest and southwest are the least populated areas as shown in this population distribution map
Total: 33,350,954
Male: 16,449,734
Female: 16,901,220 (2024 est.)
Growth rate: 2.54% (2024 est.)
Below poverty line: 46.1% (2014 est.)
Below poverty line note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Nationality
Noun: Mozambican(s)
Adjective: Mozambican

Ethnic groups: African 99% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Mestizo 0.8%, other (includes European, Indian, Pakistani, Chinese) 0.2% (2017 est.)

Languages: Makhuwa 26.1%, Portuguese (official) 16.6%, Tsonga 8.6%, Nyanja 8.1, Sena 7.1%, Lomwe 7.1%, Chuwabo 4.7%, Ndau 3.8%, Tswa 3.8%, other Mozambican languages 11.8%, other 0.5%, unspecified 1.8% (2017 est.)

Religions: Roman Catholic 27.2%, Muslim 18.9%, Zionist Christian 15.6%, Evangelical/Pentecostal 15.3%, Anglican 1.7%, other 4.8%, none 13.9%, unspecified 2.5% (2017 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 44.7% (male 7,548,247/female 7,350,012)
15-64 years: 52.4% (male 8,428,457/female 9,061,065)
65 years and over: 2.9% (2024 est.) (male 473,030/female 490,143)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 86.1
Youth dependency ratio: 81.3
Elderly dependency ratio: 4.8
Potential support ratio: 20.8 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 17.3 years (2024 est.)
Male: 16.7 years
Female: 17.9 years

Population growth rate: 2.54% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 36.5 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate: -1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution: three large populations clusters are found along the southern coast between Maputo and Inhambane, in the central area between Beira and Chimoio along the Zambezi River, and in and around the northern cities of Nampula, Cidade de Nacala, and Pemba; the northwest and southwest are the least populated areas as shown in this population distribution map

Urbanization
Urban population: 38.8% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 4.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 1.852 million Matola, 1.163 million MAPUTO (capital), 969,000 Nampula (2023)

Environment
Current issues: increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; soil erosion; deforestation; water pollution caused by artisanal mining; pollution of surface and coastal waters; wildlife preservation (elephant poaching for ivory)
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 16.45 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 7.94 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 16.26 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 19.2 years (2011 est.)
Note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Maternal mortality ratio: 127 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 58.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 60.1 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 56.2 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 58.3 years (2024 est.)
Male: 57.1 years
Female: 59.6 years

Total fertility rate: 4.66 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 27.1% (2015)

Drinking water source
Improved urban: 93.4% of population
Unimproved rural: 38.5% of population
Unimproved total: 26.7% of population (2020 est.)
Unimproved urban: 6.6% of population

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density: 0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 71.9% of population (2015 est.)
Improved rural: 24.7% of population
Improved total: 42.2% of population
Unimproved urban: 28.1% of population
Unimproved rural: 75.3% of population
Unimproved total: 57.8% of population (2020 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 7.2% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 1.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 1.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0.22 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use
Total: 14.3% (2020 est.)
Male: 23% (2020 est.)
Female: 5.6% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 14.6% (2019/20)

Education expenditures: 6.3% of GDP (2020 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 63.4%
Male: 74.1%
Female: 53.8% (2021)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 10 years
Male: 10 years
Female: 9 years (2017)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 7.6% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 7.9% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 7.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique
Conventional short form: Mozambique
Local long form: Republica de Mocambique
Local short form: Mocambique
Former: Portuguese East Africa, People's Republic of Mozambique
Etymology: named for the offshore island of Mozambique; the island was apparently named after Mussa al-BIK, an influential Arab slave trader who set himself up as sultan on the island in the 15th century

Government type: presidential republic

Capital
Name: Maputo
Geographic coordinates: 25 57 S, 32 35 E
Time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Etymology: reputedly named after the Maputo River, which drains into Maputo Bay south of the city

Administrative divisions: 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia

Dependent areas

Independence: 25 June 1975 (from Portugal)

National holiday: Independence Day, 25 June (1975)

Constitution
History: previous 1975, 1990; latest adopted 16 November 2004, effective 21 December 2004
Amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the Assembly of the Republic membership; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, including the independence and sovereignty of the state, the republican form of government, basic rights and freedoms, and universal suffrage, requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly and approval in a referendum; referenda not required for passage of other amendments; amended 2007, 2018

Legal system: mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law and customary law

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Mozambique
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Filipe Jacinto NYUSI (since 15 January 2015)
Head of government: Prime Minister Adriano MALEIANE (since 3 March 2022)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
Elections/appointments: president elected directly by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for 2 consecutive terms); election last held on 15 October 2019 (next to be held on 9 October 2024); prime minister appointed by the president
Election results: 2019: Filipe NYUSI reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Filipe NYUSI (FRELIMO) 73.0%, Ossufo MOMADE (RENAMO) 21.9%, Daviz SIMANGO (MDM) 5.1%; 2014: Filipe NYUSI elected president in first round; percent of vote - Filipe NYUSI (FRELIMO) 57.0%, Afonso DHLAKAMA (RENAMO) 36.6%, Daviz SIMANGO (MDM) 6.4%

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; 248 members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 2 members representing Mozambicans abroad directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)
Elections: last held on 15 October 2019 (next to be held on 9 October 2024)
Elections results: percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 71%, RENAMO 23%, MDM 4%; seats by party - FRELIMO 184, RENAMO 60, MDM 6; composition - men 142, women 108, percentage women 43.2%

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges)
Note: the Higher Council of the Judiciary Magistracy is responsible for judiciary management and discipline
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by the president of the republic; vice president appointed by the president in consultation with the Higher Council of the Judiciary (CSMJ) and ratified by the Assembly of the Republic; other judges elected by the Assembly; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Council judges appointed - 1 by the president, 5 by the Assembly, and 1 by the CSMJ; judges serve 5-year nonrenewable terms
Subordinate courts: Administrative Court (capital city only); provincial courts or Tribunais Judicias de Provincia; District Courts or Tribunais Judicias de Districto; customs courts; maritime courts; courts marshal; labor courts; community courts

Political parties and leaders: Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM, Liberation Front of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO, Mozambican National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO

International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCDF, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNDSS, UNECA, UNEP, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNODC, UNOPS, UNV, UNWTO, Union Latina, UPU, WCO, WFP, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: chief of mission: Ambassador Alfredo Fabião NUVUNGA (since 19 April 2023)
In the us chancery: 1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,036
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 293-7,147
In the us fax: [1] (202) 835-0245
In the us email address and website: washington.dc@embamoc.gov.mz; [link]
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Peter Hendrick VROOMAN (since 3 March 2022)
From the us embassy: Avenida Marginal 5,467, Maputo
From the us mailing address: 2,330 Maputo Place, Washington DC 20,521-2,330
From the us telephone: [258] (84) 095-8,000
From the us email address and website: MaputaConsular@state.gov; [link]

Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book; green represents the riches of the land, white peace, black the African continent, yellow the country's minerals, and red the struggle for independence; the rifle symbolizes defense and vigilance, the hoe refers to the country's agriculture, the open book stresses the importance of education, and the star represents Marxism and internationalism
Note: one of only two national flags featuring a firearm, the other is Guatemala

National symbols: national colors: green, black, yellow, white, red

National anthem
Name: 'Patria Amada' (Lovely Fatherland)
Lyrics/music: Salomao J. MANHICA/unknown
Note: adopted 2002

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 1 (cultural)
Selected world heritage site locales:


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Economy overview: low-income East African economy; subsistence farming dominates labor force; return to growth led by agriculture and extractive industries; Islamist insurgency threatens natural gas projects in north; ongoing foreign debt restructuring and resolution under IMF Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $50.631 billion (2023 est.); $48.22 billion (2022 est.); $46.206 billion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: 5% (2023 est.); 4.36% (2022 est.); 2.38% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: $1,500 (2023 est.); $1,500 (2022 est.); $1,400 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 75.2% (2022 est.)
Government consumption: 16.7% (2022 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 38.6% (2022 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 52.5% (2022 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -83% (2022 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 26.7% (2022 est.)
Industry: 22.8% (2022 est.)
Services: 40.6% (2022 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products: cassava, sugarcane, maize, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, beans, bananas, onions, rice, coconuts (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries: aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages

Industrial production growth rate: 10.43% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force: 15.191 million (2023 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate: 3.54% (2023 est.); 3.62% (2022 est.); 3.98% (2021 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 7.6% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 7.9% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 7.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line: 46.1% (2014 est.)
Note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $5.388 billion (2022 est.)
Expenditures: $4.91 billion (2022 est.)
Note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Taxes and other revenues: 23.25% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Public debt: 78.62% of GDP (2022 est.)
Note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Revenue
From forest resources: 6.46% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal: 4.17% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 7.13% (2023 est.); 10.28% (2022 est.); 6.41% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: -$2.426 billion (2023 est.); -$6.88 billion (2022 est.); -$3.436 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports: $9.289 billion (2023 est.); $9.409 billion (2022 est.); $6.526 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: India 22%, South Africa 9%, South Korea 8%, Italy 7%, China 6% (2022)
Partners note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Commodities: coal, aluminum, coke, natural gas, gold (2022)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $11.18 billion (2023 est.); $15.932 billion (2022 est.); $10.534 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: South Africa 23%, South Korea 20%, China 12%, India 10%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 5% (2022)
Partners note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Commodities: ships, refined petroleum, iron alloys, chromium ore, refined copper (2022)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $3.515 billion (2023 est.); $2.939 billion (2022 est.); $3.781 billion (2021 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 33.2% (2022 est.)
Access electrification urban areas: 79.4%
Access electrification rural areas: 5%
Installed generating capacity: 2.77 million kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 13.09 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Exports: 11.096 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Imports: 8.219 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 3.052 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 17.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources solar: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 81.4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Coal
Production: 9.015 million metric tons (2022 est.)
Consumption: 11,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Exports: 9.413 million metric tons (2022 est.)
Imports: 9,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Proven reserves: 1.792 billion metric tons (2022 est.)

Petroleum
Refined petroleum consumption: 40,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas
Production: 5.338 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Consumption: 1.347 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Exports: 3.963 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Proven reserves: 2.832 trillion m³ (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 8.423 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 59,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 5.568 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 2.796 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 5.426 million Btu/person (2022 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 29,000 (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 13.871 million (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 42 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.); 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.); 1.2% of GDP (2021 est.); 1.1% of GDP (2020 est.); 1.2% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military and security forces: Armed Forces for the Defense of Mozambique (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army (Ramo do Exercito), Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM); Ministry of Interior: Mozambique National Police (PRM), the National Criminal Investigation Service (SERNIC), Rapid Intervention Unit (UIR; police special forces), Border Security Force; other security forces include the Presidential Guard and the Force for the Protection of High-Level Individuals (2024)
Note 1: the FADM and other security forces are referred to collectively as the Defense and Security Forces (DFS)
Note 2: the PRM, SERNIC, and the UIR are responsible for law enforcement and internal security; the Border Security Force is responsible for protecting the country’s international borders and for carrying out police duties within 24 miles of borders
Note 3: the Presidential Guard provides security for the president, and the Force for the Protection of High-level Individuals provides security for senior-level officials at the national and provincial levels
Note 4: in 2023, the Mozambique Government legalized local militias that have been assisting security forces operating in Cabo Delgado against Islamic militants since 2020; this Local Force is comprised of ex-combatants and other civilians and receives training, uniforms, weapons, and logistical support from the FADM

Military service age and obligation: registration for military service is mandatory for all men and women at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; 24-month service obligation (note - in 2023, the Mozambique Government said it intended to raise the length of service from two to five years) (2023)

Space program

Terrorist groups: Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - Mozambique (ISIS-M)
Note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 11
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 540,124 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 4.78 million (2018) mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: C9

Airports: 92 (2024)

Heliports

Pipelines: 972 km gas, 278 km refined products (2013)

Railways

Roadways
Total: 30,562 km
Paved: 5,958 km
Unpaved: 24,604 km (2018)

Waterways: 460 km (2010) (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake)

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 10,655 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023); 9,340 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)
Idps: 850,599 (north Mozambique, violence between the government and an opposition group, violence associated with extremists groups in 2018, political violence 2019) (2023)

Illicit drugs: a transit country for large shipments of heroin and methamphetamine originating from Afghanistan to primarily South Africa