Map of Philippines | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
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Background:


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Location: Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam

Geographic coordinates: 13 00 N, 122 00 E

Map reference: Southeast Asia

Area
Total: 300,000 km²
Land: 298,170 km²
Water: 1,830 km²
Comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Georgia; slightly larger than Arizona
Country comparison total: 0 km

Land boundaries
Total: 0 km

Coastline: 36,289 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea as wide as 285 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Continental shelf: to the depth of exploitation

Climate: tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)

Terrain: mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands

Elevation
Highest point: Mount Apo 2,954 m
Lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m
Mean elevation: 442 m

Natural resources: timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper

Land use
Agricultural land: 41% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 18.2% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 17.8% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 5% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land forest: 25.9% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land other: 33.1% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 16,270 km² (2012)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 8.16 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 9.88 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 67.83 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 479 billion m³ (2020 est.)

Natural hazards: astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms each year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis
Volcanism: significant volcanic activity; Taal (311 m), which has shown recent unrest and may erupt in the near future, has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Mayon (2,462 m), the country's most active volcano, erupted in 2009 forcing over 33,000 to be evacuated; other historically active volcanoes include Biliran, Babuyan Claro, Bulusan, Camiguin, Camiguin de Babuyanes, Didicas, Iraya, Jolo, Kanlaon, Makaturing, Musuan, Parker, Pinatubo, and Ragang; see note 2 under 'Geography - note'

Geography
Note 1: for decades, the Philippine archipelago was reported as having 7,107 islands; in 2016, the national mapping authority reported that hundreds of new islands had been discovered and increased the number of islands to 7,641, though not all of the new islands have been verified; the country is favorably located in relation to many of Southeast Asia's main water bodies: the South China Sea, Philippine Sea, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea, and Luzon Strait
Note 2: Philippines is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire
Note 3: the Philippines sits astride the Pacific typhoon belt and an average of 9 typhoons make landfall on the islands each year -- with about 5 of these being destructive; the country is the most exposed in the world to tropical storms


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Population
Distribution: population concentrated where good farmlands lie; highest concentrations are northwest and south-central Luzon, the southeastern extension of Luzon, and the islands of the Visayan Sea, particularly Cebu and Negros; Manila is home to one-eighth of the entire national population
Total: 118,277,063
Male: 59,227,092
Female: 59,049,971 (2024 est.)
Growth rate: 1.56% (2024 est.)
Below poverty line: 18.1% (2021 est.)
Below poverty line note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Nationality
Noun: Filipino(s)
Adjective: Philippine

Ethnic groups: Tagalog 26%, Bisaya/Binisaya 14.3%, Ilocano 8%, Cebuano 8%, Illonggo 7.9%, Bikol/Bicol 6.5%, Waray 3.8%, Kapampangan 3%, Maguindanao 1.9%, Pangasinan 1.9%, other local ethnicities 18.5%, foreign ethnicities 0.2% (2020 est.)

Languages: Tagalog 39.9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 16%, Hiligaynon/Ilonggo 7.3%, Ilocano 7.1%, Cebuano 6.5%, Bikol/Bicol 3.9%, Waray 2.6%, Kapampangan 2.4%, Maguindanao 1.4%, Pangasinan/Panggalato 1.3%, other languages/dialects 11.2%, unspecified 0.4% (2020 est.)
Major-language samples: Ang Gheos World Guide, ang mapagkukunan ng kailangang impormasyon. (Tagalog); Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.
Note: data represent percentage of households; unspecified Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English are official languagesTaga; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan

Religions: Roman Catholic 78.8%, Muslim 6.4%, Iglesia ni Cristo 2.6%, other Christian 3.9%, other 8.2%, none/unspecified <0.1 (2020 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 30.2% (male 18,234,279/female 17,462,803)
15-64 years: 64.3% (male 38,381,583/female 37,613,294)
65 years and over: 5.6% (2024 est.) (male 2,611,230/female 3,973,874)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 56.2
Youth dependency ratio: 47.8
Elderly dependency ratio: 8.3
Potential support ratio: 12 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 25.7 years (2024 est.)
Male: 25.1 years
Female: 26.3 years

Population growth rate: 1.56% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 22.1 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate: -0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution: population concentrated where good farmlands lie; highest concentrations are northwest and south-central Luzon, the southeastern extension of Luzon, and the islands of the Visayan Sea, particularly Cebu and Negros; Manila is home to one-eighth of the entire national population

Urbanization
Urban population: 48.3% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 2.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 14.667 million MANILA (capital), 1.949 million Davao, 1.025 million Cebu City, 931,000 Zamboanga, 960,000 Antipolo, 803,000 Cagayan de Oro City, 803,000 Dasmarinas (2023)

Environment
Current issues: uncontrolled deforestation especially in watershed areas; illegal mining and logging; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers; coral reef degradation; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps that are important fish breeding grounds; coastal erosion; dynamite fishing; wildlife extinction
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 22.45 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 122.29 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 51.32 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
Total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 23.6 years (2022 est.)
Note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Maternal mortality ratio: 78 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 22 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 24.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 19.6 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 70.8 years (2024 est.)
Male: 67.3 years
Female: 74.5 years

Total fertility rate: 2.75 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 54.1% (2017)

Drinking water source
Improved urban: 99.1% of population
Unimproved rural: 5% of population
Unimproved total: 3% of population (2020 est.)
Unimproved urban: 0.9% of population

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density: 1 beds/1,000 population (2014)

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 96% of population
Improved rural: 91% of population
Improved total: 93.4% of population
Unimproved urban: 4% of population
Unimproved rural: 9% of population
Unimproved total: 6.6% of population (2020 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 6.4% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 4.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 1.47 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 3.34 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use
Total: 22.9% (2020 est.)
Male: 39.3% (2020 est.)
Female: 6.5% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 19.1% (2018)

Education expenditures: 3.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 96.3%
Male: 95.7%
Female: 96.9% (2019)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 13 years
Male: 13 years
Female: 13 years (2020)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 6.9% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 5.9% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 8.4% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of the Philippines
Conventional short form: Philippines
Local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas
Local short form: Pilipinas
Etymology: named in honor of King PHILLIP II of Spain by Spanish explorer Ruy LOPEZ de VILLALOBOS, who visited some of the islands in 1543

Government type: presidential republic

Capital
Name: Manila
Geographic coordinates: 14 36 N, 120 58 E
Time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Etymology: derives from the Tagalog 'may-nila' meaning 'where there is indigo' and refers to the presence of indigo-yielding plants growing in the area surrounding the original settlement

Administrative divisions: 81 provinces and 38 chartered cities; provinces: Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Antique, Apayao, Aurora, Basilan, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Biliran, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cebu, Cotabato, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao de Oro, Davao Occidental, Davao Oriental, Dinagat Islands, Eastern Samar, Guimaras, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, La Union, Leyte, Maguindanao, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Palawan, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Samar, Sarangani, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tarlac, Tawi-Tawi, Zambales, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay; chartered cities: Angeles, Bacolod, Baguio, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Caloocan, Cebu, Cotabato, Dagupan, Davao, General Santos, Iligan, Iloilo, Lapu-Lapu, Las Pinas, Lucena, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Mandaue, Manila, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Naga, Navotas, Olongapo, Ormoc, Paranaque, Pasay, Pasig, Puerto Princesa, Quezon, San Juan, Santiago, Tacloban, Taguig, Valenzuela, Zamboanga

Dependent areas

Independence: 4 July 1946 (from the US)

National holiday: Independence Day, 12 June (1898)
Note: 12 June 1898 was date of declaration of independence from Spain; 4 July 1946 was date of independence from the US

Constitution
History: several previous; latest ratified 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Amendments: proposed by Congress if supported by three fourths of the membership, by a constitutional convention called by Congress, or by public petition; passage by either of the three proposal methods requires a majority vote in a national referendum
Note: the constitution has not been amended since its enactment in 1987

Legal system: mixed legal system of civil, common, Islamic (sharia), and customary law

International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; withdrew from the ICCt in March 2019

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the Philippines
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Ferdinand 'BongBong' MARCOS, Jr. (since 30 June 2022)
Head of government: President Ferdinand 'BongBong' MARCOS, Jr. (since 30 June 2022)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with the consent of the Commission of Appointments, an independent body of 25 Congressional members including the Senate president (ex officio chairman), appointed by the president
Elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on separate ballots by simple majority popular vote for a single 6-year term; election last held on 9 May 2022 (next to be held on 9 May 2,028)
Election results: 2022: Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. elected president; percent of vote - Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. (PFP) 58.7%, Leni ROBREDO (independent) 27.9%, Manny PACQUIAO (PROMDI) 6.8%, other 6.6%; Sara DUTERTE-Carpio elected vice president; percent of vote Sara DUTERTE-Carpio (Lakas-CMD) 61.5%, Francis PANGILINAN (LP) 17.8%, Tito SOTTO 15.8%, other 4.9%; 2016: Rodrigo DUTERTE elected president; percent of vote - Rodrigo DUTERTE (PDP-Laban) 39%, Manuel 'Mar' ROXAS (LP) 23.5%, Grace POE (independent) 21.4%, Jejomar BINAY (UNA) 12.7%, Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO (PRP) 3.4%; Leni ROBREDO elected vice president; percent of vote Leni ROBREDO (LP) 35.1%, Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. (independent) 34.5%, Alan CAYETANO 14.4%, Francis ESCUDERO (independent) 12%, other 4%
Note: the president is both chief of state and head of government

Legislative branch
Description: bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of: Senate or Senado (24 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by majority vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years), House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan (316 seats; 253 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 63 representing minorities directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms)
Elections: Senate - elections last held on 9 May 2022 (next to be held in May 2025), House of Representatives - elections last held on 9 May 2022 (next to be held in May 2025)
Elections results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPC 5, PDP-Laban 5, NP 4, other 5, independent 5; composition - men 17, women 7, percentage women 29.2%, House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP-Laban 22.7%, NP 13.7%, NUP 12.6%, NPC 11.7%, Lakas-CMD 9.4%, LP 3.8%, HNP 2.5%, other 19.6%, independent 4%; seats by party - PDP-Laban 66, NP 36, NPC 35, NUP 33, Lakas-CMD 26, LP 10, HNP 6, other 35, independent 6, party-list 63; composition - men 226, women 85, percentage women 27.3%; total Congress percentage women 27.5%

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 14 associate justices)
Judge selection and term of office: justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council, a constitutionally created, 6-member body that recommends Supreme Court nominees; justices serve until age 70
Subordinate courts: Court of Appeals; Sandiganbayan (special court for corruption cases of government officials); Court of Tax Appeals; regional, metropolitan, and municipal trial courts; sharia courts

Political parties and leaders: Democratic Action (Aksyon Demokratiko) , Alliance for Change (Hugpong ng Pagbabago or HNP) , Lakas ng EDSA-Christian Muslim Democrats or Lakas-CMD , Liberal Party or LP , Nacionalista Party or NP , Nationalist People's Coalition or NPC , National Unity Party or NUP, Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan or PDP-Laban , Partido Federal ng Pilipinas or PFP , Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives or PROMDI

International organization participation: ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, EAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: chief of mission: Ambassador Jose Manuel del Gallego ROMUALDEZ (since 29 November 2017)
In the us chancery: 1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,036
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 467-9,300
In the us fax: [1] (202) 328-7,614
In the us email address and website: info@phembassy-us.org, The Embassy of the Republic of the Philippines in Washington D.C. (philippineembassy-dc.org)
In the us consulates general: Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Tamuning (Guam)
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador MaryKay Loss CARLSON (since 22 July 2022)
From the us embassy: 1201 Roxas Boulevard, Manila 1000
From the us mailing address: 8,600 Manila Place, Washington DC 20,521-8,600
From the us telephone: [63] (2) 5,301-2000
From the us fax: [63] (2) 5,301-2017
From the us email address and website: acsinfomanila@state.gov; [link]

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red; a white equilateral triangle is based on the hoist side; the center of the triangle displays a yellow sun with eight primary rays; each corner of the triangle contains a small, yellow, five-pointed star; blue stands for peace and justice, red symbolizes courage, the white equal-sided triangle represents equality; the rays recall the first eight provinces that sought independence from Spain, while the stars represent the three major geographical divisions of the country: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao; the design of the flag dates to 1897
Note: in wartime the flag is flown upside down with the red band at the top

National symbols: three stars and sun, Philippine eagle; national colors: red, white, blue, yellow

National anthem
Name: 'Lupang Hinirang' (Chosen Land)
Lyrics/music: Jose PALMA (revised by Felipe PADILLA de Leon)/Julian FELIPE
Note: music adopted 1898, original Spanish lyrics adopted 1899, Filipino (Tagalog) lyrics adopted 1956; although the original lyrics were written in Spanish, later English and Filipino versions were created; today, only the Filipino version is used

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 6 (3 cultural, 3 natural)
Selected world heritage site locales:


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Economy overview: growing Southeast Asian economy; commercial rebound led by transportation, construction and financial services; electronics exports recovering from sector slowdown; significant remittances; interest rate rises following heightened inflation; uncertainties due to increased regional tensions with China

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $1.138 trillion (2023 est.); $1.078 trillion (2022 est.); $1.002 trillion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: 5.55% (2023 est.); 7.58% (2022 est.); 5.71% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: $9,700 (2023 est.); $9,300 (2022 est.); $8,800 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 76.5% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 14.2% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 23.6% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: -0.3% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 26.7% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -40.7% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 9.4% (2023 est.)
Industry: 28.2% (2023 est.)
Services: 62.4% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products: sugarcane, rice, coconuts, maize, bananas, vegetables, tropical fruits, plantains, pineapples, cassava (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries: semiconductors and electronics assembly, business process outsourcing, food and beverage manufacturing, construction, electric/gas/water supply, chemical products, radio/television/communications equipment and apparatus, petroleum and fuel, textile and garments, non-metallic minerals, basic metal industries, transport equipment

Industrial production growth rate: 3.59% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force: 49.477 million (2023 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate: 2.23% (2023 est.); 2.6% (2022 est.); 3.4% (2021 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 6.9% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 5.9% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 8.4% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line: 18.1% (2021 est.)
Note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $65.051 billion (2022 est.)
Expenditures: $75.238 billion (2022 est.)
Note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Taxes and other revenues: 14.62% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Public debt: 39.9% of GDP (2017 est.)
Note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Revenue
From forest resources: 0.18% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal: 0.07% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 5.98% (2023 est.); 5.82% (2022 est.); 3.93% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: -$11.206 billion (2023 est.); -$18.261 billion (2022 est.); -$5.943 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports: $103.601 billion (2023 est.); $98.832 billion (2022 est.); $87.798 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: US 14%, China 14%, Hong Kong 11%, Japan 10%, Singapore 6% (2022)
Partners note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Commodities: integrated circuits, machine parts, gold, semiconductors, insulated wire (2022)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $150.269 billion (2023 est.); $152.638 billion (2022 est.); $126.565 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: China 32%, Indonesia 8%, South Korea 7%, Japan 7%, Singapore 6% (2022)
Partners note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Commodities: integrated circuits, refined petroleum, coal, cars, plastic products (2022)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $103.742 billion (2023 est.); $96.04 billion (2022 est.); $108.755 billion (2021 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 94.8% (2022 est.)
Access electrification urban areas: 98%
Access electrification rural areas: 91.1%
Installed generating capacity: 27.542 million kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 102.834 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 10.174 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 78.2% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources solar: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources wind: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 8% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources geothermal: 10.2% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Coal
Production: 14.483 million metric tons (2022 est.)
Consumption: 37.13 million metric tons (2022 est.)
Exports: 8.698 million metric tons (2022 est.)
Imports: 31.634 million metric tons (2022 est.)
Proven reserves: 361 million metric tons (2022 est.)

Petroleum
Total petroleum production: 10,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 453,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 138.5 million barrels (2021 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas
Production: 2.251 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Consumption: 2.251 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Proven reserves: 98.543 billion m³ (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 136.273 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 70.975 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 60.932 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 4.365 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 15.558 million Btu/person (2022 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 4.885 million (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 166.454 million (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 144 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.); 1.2% of GDP (2022 est.); 1.2% of GDP (2021 est.); 1.1% of GDP (2020 est.); 1.1% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military and security forces: Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP): Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps), Air Force; Department of Transportation: Philippine Coast Guard (PCG); Department of the Interior: Philippine National Police Force (PNP) (2024)
Note 1: the PCG is an armed and uniformed service that would be attached to the AFP during a conflict
Note 2: the Philippine Government also arms and supports civilian militias; the AFP controls the Civilian Armed Force Geographical Units, while the Civilian Volunteer Organizations fall under PNP command

Military service age and obligation: 18-27 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2023)
Note: as of 2023, women made up about 8% of the active military; women have attended the Philippine Military Academy and trained as combat soldiers since 1993

Space program

Terrorist groups: Abu Sayyaf Group; Communist Party of the Philippines/New People's Army (CPP/NPA); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – East Asia (ISIS-EA) in the Philippines
Note 1: ISIS-EA factions include Daulah Islamiya-Lanao (aka Maute Group), Daulah Islamiya-Maguindanao, Daulah Islamiya-Socsargen, ISIS-aligned elements of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), ISIS-aligned elements of the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF), and rogue elements of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
Note 2: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 13 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 200
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 43,080,118 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 835.9 million (2018) mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: RP

Airports: 246 (2024)

Heliports: 341 (2024)

Pipelines: 530 km gas, 138 km oil (non-operational), 185 km refined products (2017)

Railways

Roadways
Total: 216,387 km
Paved: 61,093 km
Unpaved: 155,294 km (2014)

Waterways: 3,219 km (2011) (limited to vessels with draft less than 1.5 m)

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Idps: 102,000 (government troops fighting the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, the Abu Sayyaf Group, and the New People's Army; clan feuds; armed attacks, political violence, and communal tensions in Mindanao) (2022)
Stateless persons: 261 (2022)
Note: stateless persons are descendants of Indonesian migrants

Illicit drugs: Illegal drugs, including methamphetamine hydrochloride, cannabis, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MMDA, or 'ecstasy') enter the Philippines from the Golden Triangle (Thailand, Laos, and Burma); drugs entering the Philippines are used locally and transported to other countries in Southeast Asia and Oceania; Chinese transnational organizations are the principal supplier of methamphetamine; not a significant source or transit country for drugs entering the United States