Map of Tunisia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background:


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Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya

Geographic coordinates: 34 00 N, 9 00 E

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 163,610 km²
Land: 155,360 km²
Water: 8,250 km²
Comparative: slightly larger than Georgia
Country comparison total: 1,495 km
Country comparison border countries: (2) Algeria 1,034 km; Libya 461 km

Land boundaries
Total: 1,495 km
Border countries: (2) Algeria 1,034 km; Libya 461 km

Coastline: 1,148 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 12 nm

Climate: temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south

Terrain: mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara

Elevation
Highest point: Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m
Lowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 m
Mean elevation: 246 m

Natural resources: petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt

Land use
Agricultural land: 64.8% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 18.3% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 15.4% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 31.1% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land forest: 6.6% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land other: 28.6% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 3,920 km² (2013)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 820 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 60 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 2.71 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 4.62 billion m³ (2020 est.)

Natural hazards: flooding; earthquakes; droughts

Geography
Note: strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration


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Population
Distribution: the overwhelming majority of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the south remains largely underpopulated as shown in this population distribution map
Total: 12,048,847
Male: 5,972,242
Female: 6,076,605 (2024 est.)
Growth rate: 0.58% (2024 est.)
Below poverty line: 16.6% (2021 est.)
Below poverty line note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Nationality
Noun: Tunisian(s)
Adjective: Tunisian

Ethnic groups: Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%

Languages: Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce), Tamazight
Major-language samples: كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن كتاب تتعلم به المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic); Gheos World Guide une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French); Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.
Note: despite having no official status, French plays a major role in the country and is spoken by about two thirds of the population

Religions: Muslim (official; Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Shia Muslim, and Baha'i) <1%

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 24.4% (male 1,516,871/female 1,426,522)
15-64 years: 65.2% (male 3,861,731/female 3,990,802)
65 years and over: 10.4% (2024 est.) (male 593,640/female 659,281)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 50.9
Youth dependency ratio: 36.3
Elderly dependency ratio: 13.3
Potential support ratio: 7.5 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 34.4 years (2024 est.)
Male: 33.6 years
Female: 35.1 years

Population growth rate: 0.58% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 13.5 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate: -1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution: the overwhelming majority of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the south remains largely underpopulated as shown in this population distribution map

Urbanization
Urban population: 70.5% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 2.475 million TUNIS (capital) (2023)

Environment
Current issues: toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and poses health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural freshwater resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 26.52 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 29.94 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 7.89 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio: 37 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 11.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 12.7 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 9.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 77.3 years (2024 est.)
Male: 75.7 years
Female: 79.1 years

Total fertility rate: 1.93 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 50.7% (2018)

Drinking water source
Improved urban: 100% of population
Unimproved rural: 2.7% of population
Unimproved total: 0.8% of population (2020 est.)
Unimproved urban: 0% of population

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density: 2.2 beds/1,000 population (2017)

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 98.8% of population
Improved rural: 99.4% of population
Improved total: 99% of population
Unimproved urban: 1.2% of population
Unimproved rural: 0.6% of population
Unimproved total: 1% of population (2020 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 26.9% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 1.51 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 0.99 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0.32 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 0.17 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use
Total: 24.6% (2020 est.)
Male: 47.2% (2020 est.)
Female: 2% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 1.6% (2018)

Education expenditures: 7.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 82.7%
Male: 89.1%
Female: 82.7% (2021)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 15 years
Male: 14 years
Female: 16 years (2016)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 37.5% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 38.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 35.6% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Tunisia
Conventional short form: Tunisia
Local long form: Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah
Local short form: Tunis
Etymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Tunis

Government type: parliamentary republic

Capital
Name: Tunis
Geographic coordinates: 36 48 N, 10 11 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Etymology: three possibilities exist for the derivation of the name; originally a Berber settlement (earliest reference 4th century B.C.), the strategic site fell to the Carthaginians (Phoenicians) and the city could be named after the Punic goddess Tanit, since many ancient cities were named after patron deities; alternatively, the Berber root word 'ens,' which means 'to lie down' or 'to pass the night,' may indicate that the site was originally a camp or rest stop; finally, the name may be the same as the city of Tynes, mentioned in the writings of some ancient authors

Administrative divisions: 24 governorates (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), L'Ariana (Aryanah), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bouzid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)

Dependent areas

Independence: 20 March 1956 (from France)

National holiday: Independence Day, 20 March (1956); Revolution and Youth Day, 14 January (2011)

Constitution
History: several previous; latest - draft published by the president 30 June 2022, approved by referendum 25 July 2022, and adopted 27 July 2022
Amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or by one third of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People membership; following review by the Constitutional Court, approval to proceed requires an absolute majority vote by the Assembly and final passage requires a two-thirds Assembly majority vote; the president can opt to submit an amendment to a referendum, which requires an absolute majority of votes cast for passage

Legal system: mixed legal system of civil law, based on the French civil code and Islamic (sharia) law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tunisia
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal except for active government security forces (including the police and the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal cases only), and people given a suspended sentence of more than six months

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Kais SAIED (since 23 October 2019)
Head of government: Prime Minister Kamel MADDOURI (since 8 August 2024); President Kais SAIED dismissed Prime Minister Ahmed HACHANI on 7 August 2024 and appointed Kamel MADDOURI as prime minister
Cabinet: prime minister appointed by the president; cabinet members appointed by the president in consultation with the prime minister
Elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); last held on 6 October 2024 (next to be held in 2,029)
Election results: 2024: Kais SAIED reelected president in first round - Kais SAIED (independent) 90.7%, Ayachi ZAMMEL (Long Live Tunisia) 7.3%, Zouhair MAGHZAOUI (People's Movement) 2%; 2019: Kais SAIED elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Kais SAIED (independent) 18.4%, Nabil KAROUI (Heart of Tunisia) 15.6%, Abdelfattah MOUROU (Nahda Movement) 12.9%, Abdelkrim ZBIDI (independent) 10.7%, Youssef CHAHED (Long Live Tunisia) 7.4%, Safi SAID (independent) 7.1%, Lotfi MRAIHI (Republican People's Union) 6.6%, other 21.3%; percent of vote in second round - Kais SAIED 72.7%, Nabil KAROUI 27.3%
Note: the president can dismiss any member of government on his own initiative or in consultation with the prime minister

Legislative branch
Description: bicameral legislature (enacted by the 2022 constitution) consists of: newly added National Council of Regions and Districts (Le Conseil national des régions et des districts) (77 seats; members indirectly elected by regional and district councils; members of each Regional Council elect 3 members among themselves to the National Council; each District Council elects 1 member among themselves to the National Council; members serve 5-year term); Assembly of the People's Representatives (161 seats; 151 members in single seat constituencies and 10 members from Tunisian diaspora directly elected by majoritarian two-round voting system; all members serve 5-year terms)
Elections: National Council of Regions and Districts - last held on 18 April 2024 for 279 local councils, which indirectly elect the National Council (next to be held in 2,029); Assembly of Representatives of the People - last held on 17 December 2022 with a runoff on 29 January 2023 (next to be held in late 2,027)
Elections results: National Council of Regions and Districts - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party NA; Assembly of Representatives of the People - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party NA
Note: in 2022, President SAIED issued a new electoral law that requires all legislative candidates to run as independents

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Court of Cassation (consists of the first president, chamber presidents, and magistrates and organized into 27 civil and 11 criminal chambers)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the Supreme Judicial Council, an independent 4-part body consisting mainly of elected judges and the remainder legal specialists; judge tenure based on terms of appointment; Constitutional Court (established in the 2014 and 2022 constitutions, but inception has been delayed
Note: the Tunisian constitution of January 2014 called for the establishment of a constitutional court by the end of 2015, but the court was never formed; the new constitution of July 2022 calls for the establishment of a constitutional court consisting of 9 members appointed by presidential decree; members to include former senior judges of other courts
Subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; administrative courts; Court of Audit; Housing Court; courts of first instance; lower district courts; military courts

Political parties and leaders: Afek Tounes, Al Badil Al-Tounisi (The Tunisian Alternative), Al-Amal Party, Call for Tunisia Party (Nidaa Tounes), Current of Love (formerly the Popular Petition party), Democratic Current, Democratic Patriots' Unified Party, Dignity Coalition or Al Karama Coalition, Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance), Ettakatol Party, Free Destourian Party or PDL, Green Tunisia Party, Harakat Hak, Heart of Tunisia (Qalb Tounes), July 25 Movement, Labor and Achievement Party, Long Live Tunisia (Tahya Tounes), Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS, National Coalition Party, National Salvation Front, New Carthage Party, Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard, People's Movement, Republican Party (Al Joumhouri), The Movement Party (Hizb Harak), Third Republic Party, Tunisian Ba'ath Movement, Voice of the Republic, Workers' Party

International organization participation: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: chief of mission: Ambassador Hanene TAJOURI BESSASSI (since 1 December 2021)
In the us chancery: 1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,005
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 862-1850
In the us fax: [1] (202) 862-1858
In the us email address and website: AT.Washington@Tunisiaembassy.org; [link]
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Joey HOOD (since 2 February 2023)
From the us embassy: Les Berges du Lac, 1053 Tunis
From the us mailing address: 6,360 Tunis Place, Washington DC 20,521-6,360
From the us telephone: [216] 71-107-000
From the us fax: [216] 71-107-090
From the us email address and website: tuniswebsitecontact@state.gov; [link]

Flag description: red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; resembles the Ottoman flag (red banner with white crescent and star) and recalls Tunisia's history as part of the Ottoman Empire; red represents the blood shed by martyrs in the struggle against oppression, white stands for peace; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam
Note: the flag is based on that of Turkey, itself a successor state to the Ottoman Empire

National symbols: encircled red crescent moon and five-pointed star; national colors: red, white

National anthem
Name: 'Humat Al Hima' (Defenders of the Homeland)
Lyrics/music: Mustafa Sadik AL-RAFII and Aboul-Qacem ECHEBBI/Mohamad Abdel WAHAB
Note: adopted 1957, replaced 1958, restored 1987; Mohamad Abdel WAHAB also composed the music for the anthem of the United Arab Emirates

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 9 (8 cultural, 1 natural)
Selected world heritage site locales:


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Economy overview: lower middle-income North African economy; drafting reforms for foreign lenders; high unemployment, especially for youth and women; hit hard by COVID-19; high public sector wages; high public debt; protectionist austerity measures; key EU trade partner

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $153.637 billion (2023 est.); $152.988 billion (2022 est.); $149.106 billion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: 0.42% (2023 est.); 2.6% (2022 est.); 4.61% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: $12,300 (2023 est.); $12,400 (2022 est.); $12,200 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 78% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 20.6% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 16.9% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: -3.4% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 51.1% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -58.1% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 9.5% (2023 est.)
Industry: 23.5% (2023 est.)
Services: 62.1% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products: milk, olives, tomatoes, wheat, barley, watermelons, chilies/peppers, potatoes, dates, oranges (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries: petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate, iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages

Industrial production growth rate: -1.5% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force: 4.445 million (2023 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate: 15.11% (2023 est.); 15.3% (2022 est.); 16.51% (2021 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 37.5% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 38.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 35.6% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line: 16.6% (2021 est.)
Note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $10.866 billion (2019 est.)
Expenditures: $12.375 billion (2019 est.)

Taxes and other revenues: 24.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Public debt: 70.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

Revenue
From forest resources: 0.21% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 9.33% (2023 est.); 8.31% (2022 est.); 5.71% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: -$4.018 billion (2022 est.); -$2.79 billion (2021 est.); -$2.524 billion (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports: $17.258 billion (2022 est.); $14.054 billion (2021 est.); $11.237 billion (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: France 22%, Italy 16%, Germany 14%, Spain 4%, Libya 4% (2022)
Partners note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Commodities: garments, insulated wire, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, pure olive oil (2022)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $22.5 billion (2022 est.); $18.198 billion (2021 est.); $14.574 billion (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: Italy 14%, France 14%, China 9%, Germany 7%, Turkey 6% (2022)
Partners note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Commodities: refined petroleum, natural gas, plastic products, wheat, cars (2022)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $9.24 billion (2023 est.); $8.094 billion (2022 est.); $8.846 billion (2021 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt external: $18.169 billion (2022 est.)
Note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Access electrification urban areas: 100%
Access electrification rural areas: 99.7%
Installed generating capacity: 6.328 million kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 19.061 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Exports: 154 million kWh (2022 est.)
Imports: 2.726 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 4.722 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 96.9% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources solar: 1.5% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources wind: 1.5% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Coal
Consumption: 2,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Imports: 2,000 metric tons (2022 est.)

Petroleum
Total petroleum production: 35,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 108,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 425 million barrels (2021 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas
Production: 1.323 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Consumption: 5.153 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Imports: 3.898 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Proven reserves: 65.129 billion m³ (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 23.645 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 5,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 13.203 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 10.437 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 33.641 million Btu/person (2022 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 1.79 million (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 15.971 million (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 129 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: 2.5% of GDP (2023 est.); 2.7% of GDP (2022 est.); 3% of GDP (2021 est.); 3% of GDP (2020 est.); 3.8% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military and security forces: Tunisian Armed Forces (Forces Armées Tunisiennes, FAT): Tunisian Army (includes Air Defense Force), Tunisian Navy, Tunisia Air Force; Ministry of Interior (MoI): National Police, National Guard (2024)
Note: the National Police has primary responsibility for law enforcement in the major cities, while the National Guard (gendarmerie) oversees border security and patrols smaller towns and rural areas; the National Police Anti-Terrorism Brigade and the National Guard Special Unit have the lead for MOI counterterrorism operations

Military service age and obligation: 18-23 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; 20-23 years of age for compulsory service for men with a 12-month service obligation; individuals engaged in higher education or vocational training programs prior to their military drafting are allowed to delay service until they have completed their programs (up to age 35); exemptions allowed for males considered to a family's sole provider; (2023)
Note: women have been allowed in the service since 1975 as volunteers; as of 2023, women constituted about 8% of the military and served in all three services

Space program

Terrorist groups: Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) network in Tunisia (known locally as Ajnad al-Khilafah or the Army of the Caliphate); al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb
Note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 7 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 53
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 4,274,199 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 13.23 million (2018) mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: TS

Airports: 14 (2024)

Heliports: 11 (2024)

Pipelines: 68 km condensate, 3,111 km gas, 1,381 km oil, 453 km refined products (2013)

Railways

Roadways
Total: 32,332 km
Paved: 12,264 km
Unpaved: 20,068 km (2020)

Waterways

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: NA