
Wake Island in the World
Wake Island - Introduction 2024
top of pageBackground:
Early Micronesian and Polynesian settlers probably visited Wake Island, and oral legends tell of periodic voyages to the islands by people from the Marshall Islands. Wake Island was uninhabited when Spanish explorer Alvaro de Mendana de NEYRA became the first European to see it in 1568 and still had no inhabitants when English captain Samuel WAKE sailed by it in 1796. The United States Exploring Expedition visited the island in 1841, and the US annexed it in 1899 to use as a cable and refueling station for its newly acquired Pacific territories of Hawaii, the Philippines, and Guam. In the 1930s, Pan American Airways built facilities on Wake Island so that it could be used as a stopover for flights from the US to China. In 1941, the US began to install military assets on Wake Island, and Japan then captured the island and held it until the end of World War II. In 1946, commercial airlines resumed using Wake Island as a refueling stop.
In 1973, the Marshall Islands claimed Wake Island, based on the oral legends, although the US has not recognized these claims. In 1974, the US military took exclusive control of the island’s airstrip and restricted visitors. In 1978, Bikini Islanders from the Marshall Islands, who were evacuated in the 1950s and 1960s because of US nuclear tests, considered rehoming on Wake Island, but the US military rejected that plan. Since the 1970s, the island has been important for missile defense testing. In 2009, Wake Island was included in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument.
In 1973, the Marshall Islands claimed Wake Island, based on the oral legends, although the US has not recognized these claims. In 1974, the US military took exclusive control of the island’s airstrip and restricted visitors. In 1978, Bikini Islanders from the Marshall Islands, who were evacuated in the 1950s and 1960s because of US nuclear tests, considered rehoming on Wake Island, but the US military rejected that plan. Since the 1970s, the island has been important for missile defense testing. In 2009, Wake Island was included in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument.
Wake Island - Geography 2024
top of pageLocation: Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to the Northern Mariana Islands
Geographic coordinates: 19 17 N, 166 39 E
Map reference: Oceania
Area
Total: 7 km²
Land: 6.5 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: about 11 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC
Country comparison total: 0 km
Land boundaries
Total: 0 km
Coastline: 19.3 km
Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate: tropical
Terrain: atoll of three low coral islands, Peale, Wake, and Wilkes, built up on an underwater volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim
Elevation
Highest point: unnamed location 8 m
Lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
Natural resources: none
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Land use
Agricultural land: 0% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land other: 100% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 0 km² (2022)
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Natural hazards: subject to occasional typhoons
Geography
Note: strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; emergency landing location for transpacific flights
Wake Island - People 2024
top of pagePopulation
Total: (2018 est.) no indigenous inhabitants
Note: approximately 100 military personnel and civilian contractors maintain and operate the airfield and communications facilities
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Environment
Current issues: potable water obtained through a catchment rainwater system and a desalinization plant for brackish ground water; hazardous wastes moved to an accumulation site for storage and eventual transport off site via barge
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Wake Island - Government 2024
top of pageCountry name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Wake Island
Etymology: although first discovered by British Captain William WAKE in 1792, the island is named after British Captain Samuel WAKE, who rediscovered the island in 1796
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Independence: none (territory of the US)
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Legal system: US common law
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Citizenship: see United States
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Flag description: the flag of the US is used
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Wake Island - Economy 2024
top of pageEconomy overview
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Wake Island - Energy 2024
top of pageElectricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2021)
Coal
Petroleum
Refined petroleum consumption: 8,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)
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Refined petroleum
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Carbon dioxide emissions: 1.221 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 1.221 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: (2019)
Wake Island - Communication 2024
top of pageTelephones
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Wake Island - Military 2024
top of pageMilitary expenditures
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Wake Island - Transportation 2024
top of pageNational air transport system
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Airports: 1 (2024)
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Wake Island - Transnational issues 2024
top of pageDisputes international
Refugees and internally displaced persons
Illicit drugs
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