Map of Andorra | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: The landlocked Principality of Andorra -- one of the smallest states in Europe and nestled high in the Pyrenees between the French and Spanish borders -- is the last independent survivor of the Hispanic March states created by Frankish King Charlemagne in 795 after he halted the Moorish invasion of Spain. The March states were a series of buffer states to keep the Muslim Moors from advancing into Christian France. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Bishop of Urgell). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the introduction of a modern constitution; the co-princes remained as titular heads of state, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Andorra's winter sports, summer climate, and duty-free shopping attract approximately 8 million people each year. Andorra has also become a wealthy international commercial center because of its mature banking sector and low taxes. As part of the effort to modernize its economy, Andorra has opened to foreign investment and engaged in other reforms, such as tax initiatives aimed at supporting broader infrastructure. Although not a member of the EU, Andorra enjoys a special relationship with the bloc that is governed by various customs and cooperation agreements, and Andorra uses the euro as its national currency.


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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area
Total: 468 km²
Land: 468 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: 2.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.

Land boundaries
Total: 118 km
Border countries (2): (2) France 55 km; Spain 63 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers

Terrain: rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

Elevation
Highest point: Pic de Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m
Lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m
Mean elevation: 1,996 m

Natural resources

Land use
Agricultural land: 39.9% (2023 est.)
Arable land: 1.6% (2023 est.)
Permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
Permanent pasture: 38.3% (2023 est.)
Forest: 38.7% (2023 est.)
Other: 21.4% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land: 0 km² (2022)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: avalanches

Geography
Note: landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees


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Population
Total: 85,370 (2024 est.)
Male: 43,652
Female: 41,718
Distribution: population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)
Growth rate: -0.12% (2024 est.)

Nationality

Ethnic groups

Languages: Catalan (official) 44.1%, Castilian 40.3%, Portuguese 13.5%, French 10%, English 3%, other 6.8% (2022 est.)
Note: data represent mother tongue

Religions: Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 89.5, other 8.8%, unaffiliated 1.7% (2020 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 12% (male 5,276/female 4,954)
15-64 years: 67.7% (male 29,562/female 28,201)
65 years and over: 20.4% (2024 est.) (male 8,814/female 8,563)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 47.8 (2024 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 17.7 (2024 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 30.1 (2024 est.)
Potential support ratio: 3.3 (2024 est.)

Median age
Total: 48.8 years (2024 est.)
Male: 48.7 years
Female: 48.8 years

Population growth rate: -0.12% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 6.9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate

Population distribution: population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)

Urbanization
Urban population: 87.8% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 23,000 ANDORRA LA VELLA (capital) (2018)

Environment

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio: 11 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 3.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 3.2 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 83.8 years (2024 est.)
Male: 81.6 years
Female: 86.2 years

Total fertility rate: 1.47 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source
Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access
Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name

Government type

Capital
Name: Andorra la Vella
Geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 1 31 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Etymology: translates as 'Andorra the Old' in Catalan

Administrative divisions: 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria

Dependent areas

Independence

National holiday

Constitution

Legal system: mixed legal system of civil and customary law with the influence of canon (religious) law

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship

Suffrage

Executive branch
Chief of state: Co-prince Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Patrick STROZDA (since 14 May 2017); and Co-prince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Eduard Ibanez PULIDO (since 27 November 2023)
Head of government: Prime Minister Xavier Espot ZAMORA (since 16 May 2019)
Cabinet: Executive Council composed of head of government and 11 ministers designated by the head of government
Election/appointment process: head of government indirectly elected by the General Council (Andorran parliament), formally appointed by the co-princes for a 4-year term; the leader of the majority party in the General Council is usually elected head of government
Most recent election date: 2 April 2023
2023: Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) reelected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 57.1%
2019: Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 60.7
Expected date of next election: April 2,027

Legislative branch
Legislature name: General Council (Consell General)
Legislative structure: unicameral
Number of seats: 28 (all directly elected)
Electoral system: mixed system
Scope of elections: full renewal
Term in office: 4 years
Most recent election date: 4/2/2023
Parties elected and seats per party: Democrats for Andorra (DA) and its allies (17); Concordia (Concòrdia) and its allies (5); Andorra Forward (Andorra Endavant) (3); Social Democrat Party (PS) - Social Democracy and Progress (SDP) (3)
Percentage of women in chamber: 50%
Expected date of next election: April 2,027
Note: voters cast two separate ballots -- one for the national election and one for their parish

Judicial branch

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation

Diplomatic representation

Flag description: three vertical bands of blue (left side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band, which is slightly wider than the other two; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger)

National symbols

National anthem
Title: 'El Gran Carlemany' (The Great Charlemagne)
Lyrics/music: Joan BENLLOCH i VIVO/Enric MARFANY BONS
History: adopted 1921; the anthem provides a brief history of Andorra in a first-person narrative

National heritage
Total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural)
Selected World Heritage Site locales:


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Economy overview

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 3.4% (2024 est.); 2.6% (2023 est.); 9.6% (2022 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: 3.4% (2024 est.); 2.6% (2023 est.); 9.6% (2022 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 0.5% (2024 est.)
Industry: 12.8% (2024 est.)
Services: 77.6% (2024 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products

Industries: tourism (particularly skiing), banking, timber, furniture

Industrial production growth rate: 6% (2024 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force

Unemployment rate

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $1.054 billion (2023 est.)
Expenditures: $989.38 million (2023 est.)
Note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $3.169 billion (2023 est.); $2.736 billion (2022 est.); $2.446 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Commodities: paintings, integrated circuits, cars, orthopedic appliances, garments (2023)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $2.716 billion (2023 est.); $2.44 billion (2022 est.); $2.143 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Commodities: cars, refined petroleum, garments, perfumes, electricity (2023)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates


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Electricity
Access electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 52,000 (2023 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 64 (2023 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 126,000 (2023 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 142 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet
Users percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 42,000 (2023 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 52 (2023 est.)


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Military expenditures

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports

Heliports: 2 (2025)

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs