Map of Slovenia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918 the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state which was named Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II Slovenia became a republic of the renewed Yugoslavia which though Communist distanced itself from Moscow's rule. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power by the majority Serbs the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe a strong economy and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's transformation to a modern state. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.


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Location: Central Europe eastern Alps bordering the Adriatic Sea between Austria and Croatia

Geographic coordinates: 46 07 N 14 49 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 20,273 km²
Land: 20,151 km²
Water: 122 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than New Jersey

Land boundaries
Total: 1,382 km
Border countries: (4) Austria 330 km; , Croatia 670 km; , Hungary 102 km; , Italy 280 km

Coastline: 46.6 km

Maritime claims: NA

Climate: Mediterranean climate on the coast continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Terrain: a short coastal strip on the Adriatic an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
Extremes highest point: Triglav 2,864 m

Natural resources: lignite coal lead zinc mercury uranium silver hydropower forests

Land use
Arable land: 8.53%
Permanent crops: 1.43%
Other: 90.04% (2005)

Irrigated land: 30 km² (2003)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: flooding and earthquakes

Geography
Note: despite its small size this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes


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Population: 2,010,347 (July 2006 est.)
Growth rate: -0.05% (2006 est.)
Below poverty line: At-risk-of-poverty rate after social transfers: 10% (2003)

Nationality
Noun: Slovene
Adjective: Slovenian

Ethnic groups: Slovene 83.1% Serb 2% Croat 1.8% Bosniak 1.1% other or unspecified 12% (2002 census)

Languages: Slovenian 91.1% Serbo-Croatian 4.5% other or unspecified 4.4% (2002 census)

Religions: Catholic 57.8% Orthodox 2.3% other Christian 0.9% Muslim 2.4% unaffiliated 3.5% other or unspecified 23% none 10.1% (2002 census)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 13.8% (male 143,079/female 135,050)
15-64 years: 70.5% (male 714,393/female 702,950)
65 years and over: 15.7% (male 121,280/female 193,595) (2006 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age
Total: 40.6 years
Male: 39 years
Female: 42.2 years (2006 est.)

Population growth rate: -0.05% (2006 est.)

Birth rate: 8.98 births/1000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate: 10.31 deaths/1000 population (2006 est.)

Net migration rate: 0.88 migrant(s)/1000 population (2006 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain
International agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.07 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.06 male/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male/female
65 years and over: 0.63 male/female
Total population: 0.95 male/female (2006 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 4.4 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 4.99 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 3.77 deaths/1000 live births (2006 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 76.33 years
Male: 72.63 years
Female: 80.29 years (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.25 children born/woman (2006 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
People living with hivaids: 280 (2001 est.)
Deaths: less than 100 (2003 est.)

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy
Definition: NA
Total population: 99.7%
Male: 99.7%
Female: 99.6%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia
Conventional short form: Slovenia
Local long form: Republika Slovenija
Local short form: Slovenija
Former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia

Government type: parliamentary republic

Capital
Name: Ljubljana
Geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions
Note: there may be 45 more municipalities

Dependent areas

Independence: 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

National holiday: Independence Day/Statehood Day 25 June (1991)

Constitution: adopted 23 December 1991

Legal system: based on civil law system

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal (16 years of age if employed)

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Janez DRNOVSEK (since 22 December 2002)
Head of government: Prime Minister Janez JANSA (since 9 November 2004)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly
Elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 10 November and 1 December 2002 (next to be held in the fall of 2007); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually nominated to become prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly; election last held 9 November 2004 (next National Assembly elections to be held October 2008)
Election results: Janez DRNOVSEK elected president; percent of vote - Janez DRNOVSEK 56.5%, Barbara BREZIGAR 43.5%; Janez JANSA elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 57 to 27

Legislative branch
Elections: National Assembly - last held 3 October 2004 (next to be held October 2008)
Election results: percent of vote by party - SDS 29.1%, LDS 22.8%, ZLSD 10.2%, NSi 9%, SLS 6.8%, SNS 6.3%, DeSUS 4.1%, other 11.7%; seats by party - SDS 29, LDS 23, ZLSD 10, NSi 9, SLS 7, SNS 6, DeSUS 4, Hungarian and Italian minorities 1 each

Judicial branch: Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president)

Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party of Retired (Persons) of Slovenia or DeSUS [Karl ERJAVEC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Jelko KACIN]; New Slovenia or NSi [Andrej BAJUK]; Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]; Slovene National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC]; Slovene People's Party or SLS [Janez PODOBNIK]; Slovene Youth Party or SMS [Darko KRANJC]; Social Democrats or SD [Borut PAHOR]

International organization participation: ACCT (observer) Australia Group BIS CE CEI EAPC EBRD EIB EU (new member) FAO IADB IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC ICCt ICRM IDA IFC IFRCS IHO ILO IMF IMO Interpol IOC IOM IPU ISO ITU MIGA NAM (guest) NATO NSG OAS (observer) OIF (observer) OPCW OSCE PCA SECI UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO UNTSO UPU WCO WEU (associate partner) WHO WIPO WMO WToO WTO ZC

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Samuel ZBOGAR
In the us chancery: 1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,036

Flag description

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $43.27 billion (2005 est.)

Real gdp growth rate: 4% (2005 est.)

Real gdp per capita: $21,500 (2005 est.)

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 2.8%
Industry: 36.9%
Services: 60.3% (2005 est.)

Agriculture products: potatoes hops wheat sugar beets corn grapes; cattle sheep poultry

Industries: ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics) trucks electric power equipment wood products textiles chemicals machine tools

Industrial production growth rate: 3.1% (2005 est.)

Labor force: 920,000 (2005 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 4.8%
By occupation industry: 39.1%
By occupation services: 56.1% (2004)

Unemployment rate: 6.3% (2005 est.)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: At-risk-of-poverty rate after social transfers: 10% (2003)

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 3.6%
Highest 10: 21.4% (1998)

Distribution of family income gini index: 28.4 (1998)

Budget
Revenues: $16.02 billion
Expenditures: $16.73 billion; including capital expenditures of $N/A (2005 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt: 28.5% of GDP (2005 est.)

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 2.5% (2005 est.)

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: $-303 million (2005 est.)

Exports: $18.53 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)
Commodities: manufactured goods machinery and transport equipment chemicals food
Partners: Germany 19.9% Italy 12.7% Croatia 9.4% Austria 8.1% France 8.1% (2005)

Imports: $19.62 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)
Commodities: machinery and transport equipment manufactured goods chemicals fuels and lubricants food
Partners: Germany 19.5% Italy 18.6% Austria 12% France 7.2% Croatia 4.2% (2005)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $8.16 billion (2005 est.)

Debt external: $18.97 billion (2005 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: tolars per US dollar - 192.71 (2005) 192.38 (2004) 207.11 (2003) 240.25 (2002) 242.75 (2001)


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Electricity
Production: 14.02 billion kWh (2003)
Consumption: 12.52 billion kWh (2003)
Exports: 5.811 billion kWh (2003)
Imports: 5.975 billion kWh (2003)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2003 est.)
Consumption: 1.1 billion m³ (2003 est.)
Exports: 0 m³ (2003)
Imports: 963 million m³ (2002)

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Main lines in use: 816,400 (2005)
Mobile cellular: 1.759 million (2005)

Telephone system
General assessment: NA
Domestic: 100% digital (2000)
International: country code - 386

Broadcast media

Internet
Country code: .si
Hosts: 61,735 (2006)
Users: 1.09 million (2005)

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: 1.7% (FY00)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation: 17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2004)

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 14 (2006)
With paved runways total: 6
With paved runways over 3047 m: 1
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 1
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 2
With paved runways under 914 m: 1 (2006)
With unpaved runways total: 8
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 2
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 2
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 4 (2006)

Heliports

Pipelines: gas 2,526 km; oil 11 km (2006)

Railways
Total: 1,229 km
Standard gauge: 1,229 km 1.435-m gauge (504 km electrified) (2005)

Roadways
Total: 38,400 km
Paved: 38,400 km (including 477 km of expressways) (2003)

Waterways

Merchant marine
Registered in other countries: 26 (Antigua and Barbuda 6, Bahamas 1, Cyprus 4, Georgia 1, Liberia 2, Malta 3, Marshall Islands 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Singapore 1) (2006)

Ports and terminals: Koper


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Disputes international: the Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement which would have ceded most of Piran Bay and maritime access to Slovenia and several villages to Croatia remains unratified and in dispute; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border Slovenia must implement the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe and for precursor chemicals