Map of New Caledonia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s ended in the 1998 Noumea Accord which over a period of 15 to 20 years will transfer an increasing amount of governing responsibility from France to New Caledonia. The agreement also commits France to conduct as many as three referenda between 2013 and 2018 to decide whether New Caledonia should assume full sovereignty and independence.


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Location: Oceania islands in the South Pacific Ocean east of Australia

Geographic coordinates: 21 30 S 165 30 E

Map reference: Oceania

Area
Total: 18,575 km²
Rank: 155
Land: 18,275 km²
Water: 300 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than New Jersey

Land boundaries: 0 km

Coastline: 2,254 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate: tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot humid

Terrain: coastal plains with interior mountains

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
Extremes highest point: Mont Panie 1628 m

Natural resources: nickel chrome iron cobalt manganese silver gold lead copper

Land use
Arable land: 0.32%
Permanent crops: 0.22%
Other: 99.46% (2005)

Irrigated land: 100 km² (2003)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: cyclones most frequent from November to March

Geography
Note: consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean) the archipelago of Iles Loyaute and numerous small sparsely populated islands and atolls


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Population: 227,436 (July 2009 est.)
Rank: 181
Growth rate: 1.136% (2009 est.)
Growth rate rank: 118
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Noun: New Caledonian
Adjective: New Caledonian

Ethnic groups: Melanesian 44.1% European 34.1% Wallisian & Futunian 9% Tahitian 2.6% Indonesian 2.5% Vietnamese 1.4% Ni-Vanuatu 1.1% other 5.2% (1996 census)

Languages: French (official) 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects

Religions: Roman Catholic 60% Protestant 30% other 10%

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 26.8%
15-64 years: 65.8% (male 75,189/female 74,552)
65 years and over: 7.3% (male 7,681/female 8,953) (2009 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age
Total: 28.7 years
Male: 28.2 years
Female: 29.2 years (2009 est.)

Population growth rate: 1.136% (2009 est.)
Rank: 118

Birth rate: 17.04 births/1000 population (2009 est.)
Rank: 121

Death rate: 5.68 deaths/1000 population (July 2009 est.)
Rank: 172

Net migration rate: NA
Note: there has been steady emigration from Wallis and Futuna to New Caledonia (2009 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization
Urban population: 65% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 2.1% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 7.05 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 168
Male: 7.7 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 6.36 deaths/1000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 74.98 years
Rank: 85
Male: 71.99 years
Female: 78.12 years (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.18 children born/woman (2009 est.)
Rank: 119

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: NA
People living with hivaids: NA
Deaths: NA

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 96.2%
Male: 96.8%
Female: 95.5% (1996 census)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies
Conventional short form: New Caledonia
Local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances
Local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie

Government type: NA

Capital
Name: Noumea
Geographic coordinates: 22 16 S 166 27 E
Time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions: none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government but there are 3 provinces named Province des Iles Province Nord and Province Sud

Dependent areas

Independence: none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014

National holiday: Bastille Day 14 July (1789)

Constitution: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Legal system: based on French civil law; the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY ; represented by High Commissioner Yves DASSONVILLE (since 9 November 2007)
Head of government: President of the Government Philippe GOMES (since 5 June 2009)
Cabinet: Cabinet consisting of 11 members elected from and by the Territorial Congress
Elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress for a five-year term (no term limits); note - last election held 7 August 2007 when Harold MARTIN was elected following the resignation of Marie-Noelle THEMEREAU as president on 24 July 2007 (next to be held in 2012)

Legislative branch
Elections: unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres du territoire last held 9 May 2009 (next to be held in 10 May 2014)
Election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 13 Caledonia Together 10 UC 8 UNI 8 AE 6 FLNKS 3 Labor Party 3 other 3
Note: New Caledonia holds two seats in the French Senate; elections last held 21 September 2008 (next to be held not later than September 2014); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2; New Caledonia also elects two seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 10 and 17 June 2007 (next to be held on June 2012); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2

Judicial branch: Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court

Political parties and leaders: Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Caledonia Together [Philippe GOMES]; Caledonian Union or UC [Charles PIDJOT]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Labor Party or PT [Louis Kora UREGEI]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS (includes PALIKA UNI UC and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; Rally for Caledonia or RPC [Jacques LAFLEUR]; The Future Together or AE [Didier LEROUX]; The Rally or UMP [Pierre FROGIER]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO]

International organization participation: ITUC PIF (associate member) SPC UPU WFTU WMO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: none (overseas territory of France)
From the us: none (overseas territory of France)

Flag description: the flag of France is used

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel substantial financial support from France - equal to more than 15% of GDP - and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. Substantial new investment in the nickel industry combined with the recovery of global nickel prices brightens the economic outlook for the next several years.

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $3.158 billion (2003 est.)
Rank: 172

Real gdp growth rate: NA%

Real gdp per capita: $15,000 (2003 est.)
Rank: 76

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 15%
Industry: 8.8%
Services: 76.2% (2003)

Agriculture products: vegetables; beef deer other livestock products; fish

Industries: nickel mining and smelting

Industrial production growth rate

Labor force: 102,600 (2007)
Rank: 176
By occupation agriculture: 20%
By occupation industry: 20%
By occupation services: 60% (2002)

Unemployment rate: 17.1% (2004)
Rank: 159

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: NA%

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: NA%
Highest 10: NA%

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $996 million
Expenditures: $1.072 billion (2001 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 1.4% (2000 est.)
Rank: 11

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares: $NA

Current account balance

Exports: $1.341 billion (2006)
Rank: 145
Commodities: ferronickels nickel ore fish
Partners: France 18.9% Japan 18.3% Spain 7.3% China 6.5% Belgium 5.4% Australia 4.6% (2008)

Imports: $1.998 billion (2006)
Rank: 149
Commodities: machinery and equipment fuels chemicals foodstuffs
Partners: France 36.6% Singapore 17.7% Australia 11.5% NZ 4.7% (2008)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $79 million (1998 est.)
Rank: 190

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 87.59 (2007) 94.97 (2006) 95.89 (2005) 96.04 (2004) 105.66 (2003)


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Electricity
Production: 1.825 billion kWh (2007 est.)
Production rank: 136
Consumption: 1.697 billion kWh (2007 est.)
Consumption rank: 137
Exports: 0 kWh (2008 est.)
Imports: 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2008 est.)
Production rank: 149
Consumption: 0 m³ (2008 est.)
Consumption rank: 149
Exports: 0 m³ (2008)
Exports rank: 146
Imports: 0 m³ (2008 est.)
Imports rank: 151
Proven reserves: 0 m³ (1 January 2009 est.)
Proven reserves rank: 156

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Main lines in use: 63,000 (2008)
Main lines in use rank: 157
Mobile cellular: 196,500 (2008)
Mobile cellular rank: 172

Telephone system
General assessment: a submarine cable network connection between New Caledonia and Australia completed in 2007 is expected to significantly increase network capacity and improve high-speed connectivity and access to international networks
Domestic: combined fixed and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership exceeds 100 per 100 persons
International: country code - 687; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2008)

Broadcast media

Internet
Country code: .nc
Hosts: 22,448 (2009)
Hosts rank: 101
Users: 85,000 (2008)
Users rank: 159

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: NA

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 25 (2009)
Rank: 130
With paved runways total: 12
With paved runways over 3047 m: 1
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 10
With paved runways under 914 m: 1 (2009)
With unpaved runways total: 13
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 5
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 8 (2009)

Heliports: 8 (2009)

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways
Total: 5,622 km
Rank: 151

Waterways

Merchant marine
Total: 2
Rank: 146
By type: cargo 1 passenger/cargo 1 (2008)

Ports and terminals: Noumea


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Disputes international: Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs