Map of Puerto Rico | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples the island was claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 following Christopher COLUMBUS' second voyage to the Americas. In 1898 after 400 years of colonial rule that saw the indigenous population nearly exterminated and African slave labor introduced Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-American War. Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917. Popularly-elected governors have served since 1948. In 1952 a constitution was enacted providing for internal self government. In plebiscites held in 1967 1993 and 1998 voters chose not to alter the existing political status with the US but the results of a 2012 vote left open the possibility of American statehood.


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Location: Caribbean island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean east of the Dominican Republic

Geographic coordinates: 18 15 N 66 30 W

Map reference

Area
Rank: 163
Land: 8,870 km²
Water: 4,921 km²
Comparative: slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island

Land boundaries: 0 km

Coastline: 501 km

Maritime claims
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate: tropical marine mild; little seasonal temperature variation

Terrain: mostly mountains with coastal plain belt in north; mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas

Elevation
Extremes highest point: Cerro de Punta 1338 m

Natural resources: some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil

Land use
Permanent crops: 4.51%
Other: 88.73% (2011)

Irrigated land: 220.4 km² (2005)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: periodic droughts; hurricanes

Geography
Note: important location along the Mona Passage - a key shipping lane to the Panama Canal; San Juan is one of the biggest and best natural harbors in the Caribbean; many small rivers and high central mountains ensure land is well watered; south coast relatively dry; fertile coastal plain belt in north


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Population: 3,674,209 (July 2013 est.)
Rank: 130
Growth rate: -0.47% (2013 est.)
Growth rate rank: 224
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Adjective: Puerto Rican

Ethnic groups: white (mostly Spanish origin) 76.2% black 6.9% Asian 0.3% Amerindian 0.2% mixed 4.4% other 12% (2007)

Languages: Spanish English

Religions: Roman Catholic 85% Protestant and other 15%

Demographic profile

Age structure
15-24 years: 14.6% (male 272,689/female 264,761)
25-54 years: 38.6% (male 675,854/female 743,449)
55-64 years: 11.9% (male 198,952/female 239,538)
65 years and over: 16.4% (male 261,345/female 340,606) (2013 est.)

Dependency ratios
Youth dependency ratio: 29.3 %
Elderly dependency ratio: 20.9 %
Potential support ratio: 4.8 (2013)

Median age
Male: 36.4 years
Female: 40 years (2013 est.)

Population growth rate: -0.47% (2013 est.)
Rank: 224

Birth rate: 11.28 births/1000 population (2013 est.)
Rank: 173

Death rate: 8.23 deaths/1000 population (2013 est.)
Rank: 92

Net migration rate: -7.73 migrant(s)/1000 population (2013 est.)
Rank: 202

Population distribution

Urbanization
Rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: SAN JUAN (capital) 2.73 million (2009)

Environment
Current issues: erosion; occasional drought causing water shortages

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.83 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Rank: 158
Male: 8.82 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 7.14 deaths/1000 live births (2013 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Rank: 45
Male: 75.56 years
Female: 82.79 years (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.64 children born/woman (2013 est.)
Rank: 177

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 84.1%

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: NA
People living with hivaids: 7,397 (1997)
People living with hivaids rank: 110
Deaths: NA

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures: NA

Literacy
Total population: 90.3%
Male: 89.7%
Female: 90.9% (2011 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional short form: Puerto Rico

Government type: commonwealth

Capital
Geographic coordinates: 18 28 N 66 07 W
Time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions: none (territory of the US with commonwealth status); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government but there are 78 municipalities (municipios singular - municipio) at the second order; Adjuntas Aguada Aguadilla Aguas Buenas Aibonito Anasco Arecibo Arroyo Barceloneta Barranquitas Bayamon Cabo Rojo Caguas Camuy Canovanas Carolina Catano Cayey Ceiba Ciales Cidra Coamo Comerio Corozal Culebra Dorado Fajardo Florida Guanica Guayama Guayanilla Guaynabo Gurabo Hatillo Hormigueros Humacao Isabela Jayuya Juana Diaz Juncos Lajas Lares Las Marias Las Piedras Loiza Luquillo Manati Maricao Maunabo Mayaguez Moca Morovis Naguabo Naranjito Orocovis Patillas Penuelas Ponce Quebradillas Rincon Rio Grande Sabana Grande Salinas San German San Juan San Lorenzo San Sebastian Santa Isabel Toa Alta Toa Baja Trujillo Alto Utuado Vega Alta Vega Baja Vieques Villalba Yabucoa Yauco

Dependent areas

Independence: none (territory of the US with commonwealth status)

National holiday: US Independence Day 4 July (1776); Puerto Rico Constitution Day 25 July (1952)

Constitution: previous 1900 (Organic Act or Foraker Act); latest ratified 3 March 1952 approved 3 July 1952 effective 25 July 1952; note - constitutional amendments introduced in 2012 were rejected in a referendum (2013)

Legal system: civil law system based on the Spanish civil code and within the framework of the US federal system

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; note - island residents are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections

Executive branch
Head of government: Governor Alejandro GARCIA Padilla (since 2 January 2013)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor with the consent of the legislature
Elections: under the US Constitution residents of unincorporated territories such as Puerto Rico do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however they may vote in Democratic and Republican party presidential primary elections; governor elected by popular vote for a four-year term (no term limits); election last held on 6 November 2012 (next to be held in November 2016)
Election results: Alejandro GARCIA Padilla elected governor with 48.2% of the vote

Legislative branch: bicameral Legislative Assembly consists of the Senate (at least 27 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives (51 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
Elections: Senate - last held on 6 November 2012 (next to be held in November 2016); House of Representatives - last held on 6 November 2012 (next to be held in November 2016)
Election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPD 18 PNP 8 PIP 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPD 28 PNP 23

Judicial branch: note - the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Judiciary Act of 2003 reformed the judicial system
Judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the Senate; judges serve until compulsory retirement at age 75
Subordinate courts: Court of Appeals; First Instance Court comprised of superior and municipal courts

Political parties and leaders:

International organization participation: Caricom (observer) Interpol (subbureau) IOC UNWTO (associate) UPU

Diplomatic representation
In the us: none (territory of the US)
From the us: none (territory of the US with commonwealth status)

Flag description: five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bears a large white five-pointed star in the center; the white star symbolizes Puerto Rico; the three sides of the triangle signify the executive legislative and judicial parts of the government; blue stands for the sky and the coastal waters; red symbolizes the blood shed by warriors while white represents liberty victory and peace

National symbols: Puerto Rican spindalis (bird); coqui (frog)

National anthem
Lyrics and music: Manuel Fernandez JUNCOS/Felix Astol ARTES

National heritage


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Economy overview: Puerto Rico has one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region however growth has been negative for the past four years and unemployment rose to nearly 16% in 2011. The industrial sector has surpassed agriculture as the primary locus of economic activity and income. Mainland US firms have invested heavily in Puerto Rico since the 1950s. US minimum wage laws apply. Sugar production has lost out to dairy production and other livestock products as the main source of income in the agricultural sector. Tourism has traditionally been an important source of income with estimated arrivals of more than 3.6 million tourists in 2008. Closing the budget deficit while restoring economic growth and employment remain the central concerns of the government.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Rank: 86

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 217

Real gdp per capita:
Rank: 80

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Government consumption: 15.4%
Investment in fixed capital: 14.6%
Investment in inventories: 0.3%
Exports of goods and services: 106.4%
Imports of goods and services: -124.4%: (2012 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Industry: 48.9%
Services: 50.3% (2012 est.)

Agriculture products: sugarcane coffee pineapples plantains bananas; livestock products chickens

Industries: pharmaceuticals electronics apparel food products tourism

Industrial production growth rate: NA%

Labor force: 1.286 million (March 2012)
Rank: 138
By occupation industry: 19%
By occupation services: 79% (2005 est.)

Unemployment rate: 12% (2002 est.)
Rank: 150

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: NA%

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Highest 10: NA%

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Expenditures: $9.6 billion (FY99/00 est.)
Surplus or deficit: -3.1% of GDP (FY99/00)
Surplus or deficit rank: 123

Taxes and other revenues: 7.2% of GDP (FY99/00)
Rank: 212

Public debt: 89.9% of GDP (2011 est.)
Rank: 16

Revenue

Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June

Inflation rate consumer prices: 1.8% (2011 est.)
Rank: 75

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares: $N/A

Current account balance

Exports: $70.45 billion (2011 est.)
Rank: 52
Commodities: chemicals electronics apparel canned tuna rum beverage concentrates medical equipment

Imports: $49.82 billion (2011 est.)
Rank: 57
Commodities: chemicals machinery and equipment clothing food fish petroleum products

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $52.98 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Rank: 59

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: the US dollar is used


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Electricity
Production: 20.02 billion kWh (2011 est.)
Production rank: 73
Consumption: 19.43 billion kWh (2010 est.)
Consumption rank: 70
Exports: 0 kWh (2012 est.)
Exports rank: 122
Imports: 0 kWh (2012 est.)
Imports rank: 125
Installed generating capacity: 5.571 million kW (2010 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 74
Generation sources fossil fuels: 97.2% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 62
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 168
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 2.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 131
Generation sources other renewable sources: 0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 116

Coal

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 673.7 bbl/day (2012 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 114
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 173
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 112
Crude oil proven reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2013 es)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 177

Crude oil

Refined petroleum
Products production: 0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Products production rank: 122
Products consumption: 151,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Products consumption rank: 65
Products exports: 0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Products exports rank: 208
Products imports: 176,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Products imports rank: 30

Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2011 est.)
Production rank: 183
Consumption: 770 million m³ (2010 est.)
Consumption rank: 94
Exports: 0 m³ (2011 est.)
Exports rank: 171
Imports: 750 million m³ (2011 est.)
Imports rank: 62
Proven reserves: 0 m³ (1 January 2013 es)
Proven reserves rank: 186

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 28.53 million Mt (2011 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 77

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Main lines in use: 780,200 (2012)
Main lines in use rank: 87
Mobile cellular: 3.06 million (2012)
Mobile cellular rank: 130

Telephone system
Domestic: digital telephone system; mobile-cellular services
International: country code - 1-787 939; submarine cables provide connectivity to the US Caribbean Central and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (2011)

Broadcast media: more than 30 TV stations operating; cable TV subscription services are available; roughly 125 radio stations (2007)

Internet
Country code: .pr
Hosts: 469 (2012)
Hosts rank: 184
Users: 1 million (2009)
Users rank: 100

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 29 (2013)
Rank: 119
With paved runways over 3047 m: 2
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 1
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 2
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 7
With paved runways under 914 m: 5 (2013)
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 1
With unpaved runways: 10 (2013)

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways
Rank: 99

Waterways

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals: Ensenada Honda Mayaguez Playa de Guayanilla Playa de Ponce San Juan


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Disputes international: increasing numbers of illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage to Puerto Rico each year looking for work

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs