Country ranking for field: disputes international 2023

Other rankings:

This entry includes a wide variety of situations that range from traditional bilateral boundary disputes to unilateral claims of one sort or another. Information regarding disputes over international terrestrial and maritime boundaries has been reviewed by the US Department of State. References to other situations involving borders or frontiers may also be included, such as resource disputes, geopolitical questions, or irredentist issues; however, inclusion does not necessarily constitute official acceptance or recognition by the US Government.

	World	0
1		0
2	Paracel Islands	Paracel Islands-China-Taiwan-Vietnam: occupied by China also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam
3	Niue	none identified
4	Norfolk Island	none identified
5	North Korea	North Korea-China: risking arrest imprisonment and deportation tens of thousands of North Koreans have crossed the 1400-km-long border into China to escape famine economic privation and political oppression; the adjacent areas of northeastern China
6	North Macedonia	North Macedonia-Albania: none identified
7	Northern Mariana Islands	none identified
8	Norway	Norway-Antarctica: Norway asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica
9	Oman	Oman-Saudi Arabia: none identified
10	Pacific Ocean	some maritime disputes
11	Pakistan	0
12	Palau	Palau-Indonesia: maritime delineation negotiations continue with Philippines Indonesia
13	Panama	Panama-Colombia: organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia operate within the remote border region with Panama
14	Papua New Guinea	Papua New Guinea-Australia: relies on assistance from Australia to keep out illegal cross-border activities from primarily Indonesia including goods smuggling illegal narcotics trafficking and squatters and secessionists
15	Paraguay	Paraguay-Argentina-Brazil: unruly region at convergence of Paraguay-Argentina-Brazil borders is locus of money laundering smuggling arms and illegal narcotics trafficking and fundraising for violent extremist organizations
16	Niger	Niger-Benin-Nigeria: location of Niger-Benin-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved
17	Peru	Peru-Bolivia: Peru rejects Bolivia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border
18	Philippines	Philippines-Taiwan-China-Malaysia-Vietnam: Philippines claims sovereignty over Scarborough Reef
19	Pitcairn Islands	none identified
20	Poland	Poland-Belarus-Ukraine: as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border Poland has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to restrict illegal immigration and trade along its eastern borders with Belarus and Ukraine
21	Portugal	Portugal-Spain: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
22	Puerto Rico	illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage to Puerto Rico each year looking for work
23	Qatar	none identified
24	Romania	Romania-Bulgaria: none identified
25	Russia	Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries
26		Rwanda-Burundi: Burundi's Ngozi province and Rwanda's Butare province dispute the two-kilometer-square hilly farmed area of Sabanerwa in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965 around Kibinga Hill in Rwanda's Butare Province
27	Saint Helena	none identified
28	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Saint Kitts and Nevis-Venezuela: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
29	Saint Lucia	Saint Lucia-Venezuela: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
30	Nigeria	Nigeria-Benin: none identified
31	Nicaragua	Nicaragua-El Salvador-Honduras: the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; the court ruled rather that the Gulf of Fonseca represents a condominium with control being shared by El Salvador Honduras and Nicaragua; the decision allowed for the possibility that the three nations could divide the waters at a later date if they wished to do so
32	Saint-Barthélemy	none identified
33	Mauritius	Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands
34		Libya-Algeria: while dormant Libya has long claimed about 32000 km² in southeastern Algeria south of the Libyan town of Ghat
35	Liechtenstein	none
36	Lithuania	Lithuania-Belarus: as of January 2007 ground demarcation of the boundary with Belarus was complete and mapped with final ratification documents in preparation
37	Luxembourg	none identified
38	Macau	none identified
39	Madagascar	Madagascar-France: claims Bassas da India Europa Island Glorioso Islands and Juan de Nova Island
40	Malawi	Malawi-Mozambique: the two countries have held exercises to reaffirm boundaries a number of times
41	Malaysia	piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait
42	Maldives	none identified
43	Mali	Mali-Burkina Faso: demarcation is underway with Burkina Faso
44	Malta	none identified
45	Marshall Islands	Marshall Islands-US: claims US territory of Wake Island; the Marshall Islands put its claim on record with the UN in 2016
46	Mauritania	Mauritania-Algeria: none identified
47	Mexico	Mexico-Belize: Mexico and Belize are working to solve minor border demarcation discrepancies arising from inaccuracies in the 1898 border treaty
48	New Zealand	New Zealand-Antarctica: asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica
49	Moldova	Moldova-Romania: none identified
50	Monaco	none identified
51	Mongolia	none identified
52	Montenegro	Montenegro-Albania: none identified
53	Montserrat	none identified
54	Morocco	Morocco-Algeria: Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling
55	Mozambique	Mozambique-Eswatini: none identified
56	Myanmar	over half of Myanmar's population consists of diverse ethnic groups who have substantial numbers of kin in neighboring countries; Bangladesh struggles to accommodate 912000 Rohingya Burmese Muslim minority from Rakhine State living as refugees in Cox's Bazar; Burmese border authorities are constructing a 200 km
57	Namibia	Namibia-Angola-Botswana: concerns from international experts and local populations over the Okavango Delta ecology in Botswana and human displacement scuttled Namibian plans to construct a hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls along the Angola-Namibia border
58	Nauru	none identified
59	Navassa Island	Navassa Island
60	Nepal	Nepal-China: China may have constructed 11 buildings in Nepal’s Humla region in 2021
61	New Caledonia	New Caledonia-France-Vanuatu: Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu
62	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-Venezuela: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
63	Saint-Martin	none identified
64	Lesotho	Lesotho-South Africa: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho as well as Mozambique and Zimbabwe to assist with controlling cross-border smuggling poaching and illegal migration
65	Ukraine	Ukraine-Belarus: in 1997 Ukraine and Belarus signed a boundary delimitation treaty; the instruments of ratification were exchanged in 2013; a joint commission should be established to enable the actual demarcation to begin
66	The Gambia	border issues include attempts to stem refugees cross-border raids arms smuggling and other illegal activities by separatists from southern Senegal's Casamance region as well as from conflicts in other west African states
67	The Netherlands	none identified
68	Togo	Togo-Benin: in 2001 Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; Benin’s and Togo’s Adjrala hydroelectric dam project on the Mona River proposed in the 1990s commenced in 2017 with funding from a Chinese bank
69	Tokelau	Tokelau-American Samoa
70	Tonga	Tonga-Fiji: Fiji does not recognize Tonga’s 1972 claim to the Minerva Reefs and their surrounding waters; the Minerva Reefs’ 200-mile exclusive economic zone includes valuable fishing grounds
71	Trinidad and Tobago	Trinidad and Tobago-Barbados: Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's EEZ
72	Tunisia	none identified
73	Turkey	Turkey-Armenia: in 2009 Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; in early 2022 the two countries held talks twice aimed at normalizing relations which could lead to the opening of their land border shut since 1993; in 2000 Turkish authorities complained to UNESCO that blasting from quarries in Armenia was damaging the medieval ruins of Ani on the other side of the Arpacay valley
74	Turkmenistan	Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan: in January 2021 the two countries reached a preliminary agreement on the joint exploration of an undersea hydrocarbon field containing oil and natural gas in the Caspian Sea
75	Turks and Caicos Islands	none identified
76	Tuvalu	none identified
77	U.S. Virgin Islands	none identified
78		Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups rebels armed gangs militias and various government forces that extend across its borders
79	United Arab Emirates	UAE-Oman: boundary agreement was signed and ratified with Oman in 2003 for entire border including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves but contents of the agreement and detailed maps showing the alignment have not been published
80	Thailand	Thailand-Burma: in 2016 Thailand expressed its interest in investing in Burma’s Hatgyi Dam project on the Salween River near the Thai-Burma border; the dam has the potential to supply electricity and water during the drought season; approximately 100000 mostly Karen refugees fleeing civil strife political upheaval and economic stagnation in Burma live in nine remote camps in Thailand near the border
81	United Kingdom	UK-Argentina: UK rejects sovereignty talks requested by Argentina which still claims the Falkland Islands
82	United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges	none identified
83	United States	US-Antarctica: the US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica
84	Uruguay	Uruguay-Argentina: in 2010 the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River which forms the border with Argentina; the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regime which ended the dispute
85	Uzbekistan	Uzbekistan-Afghanistan: none identified
86	Vanuatu	Vanuatu-France: Matthew and Hunter Islands two uninhabited islands east of New Caledonia claimed by Vanuatu and France; in January 2019 a French naval mission landed officers on the islands to reinforce France’s sovereignty; in November 2021 French vessels fishing near the islands raised tensions
87	Venezuela	Venezuela-Brazil: none identified
88	Vietnam	Vietnam-Cambodia: Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; issues include casinos built in Cambodia near the border narcotics trafficking trafficking of women and children petrol smuggling illegal logging and illegal migration; progress on a joint development area with Cambodia is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands; in December 2021 leaders from the two countries agreed to fully complete the remaining border demarcation and the upgrading of border checkpoints
89	Wake Island	US-Marshall Islands: in May 2016 the Marshall Islands filed a declaration of authority with the UN over Wake Island which is currently a US territory reaffirming that it considers Wake Island part of its territory
90	Wallis and Futuna	none identified
91	West Bank	West Bank-Israel: West Bank is Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; in 2002 Israel began construction of a "seam line" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; as of mid-2020 plans were to continue barrier construction
92	Yemen	Yemen-Oman: none identified
93	Zambia	Zambia-Angola: because the straight-line segments along the left bank
94	The Bahamas	The Bahamas-US: in declaring its archipelagic waters and 200 nm EEZ in 1993 legislation The Bahamas did not delimit the outer limits of the EEZ; but in areas where EEZs overlap with neighbors The Bahamas agreed to equidistance as a line of separation; however The Bahamas has yet to define maritime boundaries with any of its neighbors including the US whose Florida coast lays about 70 nm from Grand Bahama Island
95	Tanzania	Tanzania-Burundi: none identified
96	Saint-Pierre and Miquelon	none identified
97	South Africa	South Africa-Botswana: none identified
98	Samoa	none identified
99	San Marino	none identified
100	Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabia-Bahrain: none identified
101	Senegal	Senegal-Guinea-Bissau: rebels from the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance find refuge in Guinea-Bissau
102	Serbia	Serbia-Bosnia and Herzegovina: Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute
103	Seychelles	Seychelles-UK: Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands
104	Sierra Leone	Sierra Leone-Guinea: Sierra Leone opposed Guinean troops' continued occupation of Yenga a small village on the Makona River that serves as a border with Guinea; Guinea's forces came to Yenga in the mid-1990s to help the Sierra Leonean military to suppress rebels and to secure their common border but remained there even after both countries signed a 2005 agreement acknowledging that Yenga belonged to Sierra Leone; in 2012 the two sides signed a declaration to demilitarize the area; in 2019 Sierra Leone’s Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation stated that the dispute over Yenga had been resolved; however at a 2021 ECOWAS meeting Sierra Leone’s President BIO called on the bloc to help resolve an incursion of Guinean troops in Yenga
105	Singapore	piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait
106	Sint Maarten	non identified
107	Slovakia	Slovakia-Austria: none identified
108	Slovenia	Slovenia-Austria: none identified
109	Solomon Islands	from 2003 to 2017 at the request of the Solomon Islands Governor-General the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands
110	Somalia	Somalia-Djibouti: none identified
111	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
112	Tajikistan	Tajikistan-Afghanistan: none identified
113	South Korea	South Korea-Japan: South Korea and Japan claim Liancourt Rocks
114		South Sudan- Central African Republic: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights
115	Spain	Spain-Andorra: none identified
116	Spratly Islands	Taiwan-Brunei-China-Malaysia-Philippines-Vietnam: all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China
117	Sri Lanka	none identified
118	Sudan	Sudan-Central African Republic: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights; Sudan closed its border with the Central African Republic in January 2022 due to security concerns
119	Suriname	Suriname-Brazil: none identified
120	Svalbard	Norway-Russia: after 40 years of on-again off-again negotiations the two countries signed an agreement in September 2010 defining their maritime boundaries in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean; the border extends the countries’ land border northward beyond the islands in the Barents Sea and into the Arctic Ocean but the exact distance northward was not specified; because the area is considered the high seas the passage of naval and commercial vessels will be unaffected; once their legislatures ratify the agreement both countries will have the green light for oil and natural gas exploration in their newly defined maritime areas; Russia objects to Norway’s establishment in 1977 of the Fishery Protection Zone around the Svalbard Islands extending Norwegian sovereignty to the shelf around the archipelago; Svalbard is strategically important - as a gateway from the Berents Sea to the North Atlantic - and its waters provide rich fishing grounds
121	Sweden	none identified
122	Switzerland	none identified
123	Syria	Syria-Iraq: none identified
124	São Tomé and Príncipe	none identified
125	Taiwan	Taiwan-Brunei-China-Malaysia-Philippines-Vietnam: involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea that are thought to have large oil and natural gas reserves as well as being located amidst prime fishing grounds and busy commercial shipping traffic; the Spratly Islands also are in a strategic position for establishing a military presence to monitor activity in the South China Sea; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants
126	Liberia	none identified
127	Lebanon	Lebanon-Syria: lacking a treaty or other documentation describing the boundary portions of the Lebanon-Syria boundary are unclear with several sections in dispute; in March 2021 Syria signed a contract with a Russian company for oil and gas exploration in a maritime area Lebanon claims as its own based on a 2011 map sent to the UN
128		none identified
129	Christmas Island	none
130	Brunei	per Letters of Exchange signed in 2009 Malaysia in 2010 ceded two hydrocarbon concession blocks to Brunei in exchange for Brunei's sultan dropping claims to the Limbang corridor which divides Brunei; nonetheless Brunei claims a maritime boundary extending as far as a median with Vietnam thus asserting an implicit claim to Louisa Reef
131	Bulgaria	none
132		porous borders contribute to illicit cross-border activities including terrorism and trafficking
133		cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi Hutu other ethnic groups associated political rebels armed gangs and various government forces in the Great Lakes region
134	Cabo Verde	none identified
135	Cambodia	Cambodia-Laos: Cambodia is concerned that Laos' extensive upstream dam construction will affect Cambodian waters downstream
136		Cameroon-Central African Republic: Cameroon has deployed military troops to the border to counter intrusions from armed militias and bandits
137	Canada	managed maritime boundary disputes with the US at Dixon Entrance Beaufort Sea Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Gulf of Maine including the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; US works closely with Canada to intensify security measures for monitoring and controlling legal and illegal movement of people transport and commodities across the international border; commencing the collection of technical evidence for submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in support of claims for continental shelf beyond 200 nm from its declared baselines in the Arctic as stipulated in Article 76 paragraph 8 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
138	Cayman Islands	none
139	Central African Republic	Central African Republic-South Sudan: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with South Sudan over water and grazing rights
140	Chad	over 100000 refugees have fled the 2023 conflict in Sudan to Chad adding to the 600000 mostly Sudanese refugees already in Chad after fleeing previous conflicts especially in the Darfur region; Chad and Sudan share the same ethnic groups along both sides of their common 1400-km-long border; in 2010 relations with Sudan were normalized and the two countries established a joint border monitoring force which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries
141	Chile	Chile and Peru rebuff Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore the Atacama corridor ceded to Chile in 1884 but Chile has offered instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile to Bolivian natural gas; Chile rejects Peru's unilateral legislation to change its latitudinal maritime boundary with Chile to an equidistance line with a southwestern axis favoring Peru; in October 2007 Peru took its maritime complaint with Chile to the ICJ; territorial claim in Antarctica
142		China-India: continue their security and foreign policy dialogue started in 2005 related to a number of boundary disputes across the 2000 mile shared border; India does not recognize Pakistan's 1964 ceding to China of the Aksai Chin a territory designated as part of the princely state of Kashmir by the British Survey of India in 1865; China claims most of the Indian state Arunachal Pradesh to the base of the Himalayas but the US recognizes the state of Arunachal Pradesh as Indian territory
143	Clipperton Island	none
144	British Indian Ocean Territory	Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands; negotiations between 1971 and 1982 resulted in the establishment of a trust fund by the British Government as compensation for the displaced islanders known as Chagossians who were evicted between 1967-73; in 2001 the former inhabitants of the archipelago were granted UK citizenship and the right of return; in 2006 and 2007 British court rulings invalidated the immigration policies contained in the 2004 British Indian Ocean Territory Constitution Order that had excluded the islanders from the archipelago; in 2008 a House of Lords' decision overturned lower court rulings once again denying the right of return to Chagossians; in addition the UK created the world's largest marine protection area around the Chagos islands prohibiting the extraction of any natural resources therein
145	Cocos Islands	none
146	Colombia	in December 2007 ICJ allocated San Andres Providencia and Santa Catalina islands to Colombia under 1928 Treaty but did not rule on 82 degrees W meridian as maritime boundary with Nicaragua; managed dispute with Venezuela over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics guerrilla and paramilitary activities penetrate all neighboring borders and have caused Colombian citizens to flee mostly into neighboring countries; Colombia Honduras Nicaragua Jamaica and the US assert various claims to Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Bank
147	Comoros	claims French-administered Mayotte and challenges France's and Madagascar's claims to Banc du Geyser a drying reef in the Mozambique Channel
148	Congo	Republic of the Congo-Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC): the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area
149	Cook Islands	none
150	Coral Sea Islands Territory	none
151	Costa Rica	Costa Rica and Nicaragua regularly file border dispute cases over the delimitations of the San Juan River and the northern tip of Calero Island to the International Court of Justice
152	Croatia	dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piranski Bay and four villages and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009 however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; Croatia joined the Schengen Zone on 1 January 2023
153	Cuba	US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the facility can terminate the lease
154	Cyprus	hostilities in 1974 divided the island into two de facto autonomous entities the internationally recognized Cypriot Government and a Turkish-Cypriot community
155	Czech Republic	none
156	Côte d'Ivoire	disputed maritime border between Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana
157	Democratic Republic of the Congo	Democratic Republic of Congo
158	British Virgin Islands	none
159	Brazil	Brazil-Bolivia: the Roboré Accord of March 29 1958 placed the long-disputed Isla Suárez/Ilha de Guajará-Mirim a fluvial island on the Río Mamoré between the two towns of Guajará-Mirim
160	Djibouti	Djibouti-Somalia: Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia
161		Australia-Indonesia: Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef
162	Algeria	Algeria-Morocco: the Algerian-Moroccan land border remains closed; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; the National Liberation Front's
163	American Samoa	none identified
164		Andorra-France: none identified
165	Angola	Angola-Democratic Republic of Congo
166	Anguilla	none identified
167	Antarctica	the Antarctic Treaty freezes and most states do not recognize the land and maritime territorial claims made by Argentina Australia Chile France New Zealand Norway and the UK
168	Antigua and Barbuda	none identified
169	Arctic Ocean	Canada and the US dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; Denmark
170		Argentina-Bolivia: contraband smuggling human trafficking and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of the border with Bolivia
171		local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous undemarcated Armenian Azerbaijani and Georgian borders
172	Aruba	none identified
173	Ashmore and Cartier Islands	Australia-Indonesia: Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef
174	Atlantic Ocean	some maritime disputes
175	Austria	none identified
176	Bouvet Island	none identified
177	Azerbaijan	Armenia-Azerbaijan: tensions existed for years over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan; Azerbaijan seized part of the enclave during six weeks of fighting in 2020 and the remainder in a short conflict in September 2023; in October 2023 Baku and Yerevan began preliminary discussions on a peace treaty the demarcation of borders and full normalization of relations; nevertheless concerns persist in Armenia that Azerbaijan could invade in order to force the establishment of a transit corridor to the exclave of Naxicvan
178	Bahrain	none identified
179	Bangladesh	Bangladesh-Burma: the border area has historically been an area of conflict and instability; militants particularly ethnic armed groups
180	Barbados	Barbados-Venezuela
181		Belarus-Latvia: boundary demarcated with Latvia
182	Belgium	none identified
183		Belize-Guatemala: demarcated but insecure boundary due to Guatemala’s claims to more than half of Belizean territory; a Line of Adjacency operates in lieu of an international boundary to control influx of Guatemalan squatters onto Belizean territory as well as smuggling narcotics trafficking and human trafficking for sexual exploitation and debt bondage; Belize and Honduras 12-nm territorial sea claims close off Guatemalan access to Caribbean in the Bahia de Amatique; maritime boundary remains unresolved pending further negotiation
184		Benin-Burkina Faso: Benin retains a border dispute with Burkina Faso near the town of Koualau/Kourou
185	Bermuda	none identified
186		Bhutan-China: lacking any treaty describing the boundary Bhutan and China continue negotiations to establish a common boundary alignment to resolve territorial disputes arising from substantial cartographic discrepancies the most contentious of which lie in Bhutan's west along China’s Chumbi salient
187	Bolivia	contraband smuggling human trafficking and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of its border regions with all of its neighbors
188		Bosnia and Herzegovina-Serbia: Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute	.
189	Botswana	none identified
190	Denmark	Iceland the UK and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; in 2019 Denmark signed continental shelf delimitation agreements with Iceland and Norway to parts of the continental shelf in the Ægir Basin which is located north of the Faroe Islands
191	Dominica	Dominica is the only Caribbean state to challenge Venezuela's sovereignty claim over Aves Island and joins the other island nations in challenging whether the feature sustains human habitation a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ and continental shelf claims over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
192	Latvia	Latvia-Belarus: Belarus and Latvia signed joint demarcation map in September 2008
193	Isle of Man	none identified
194		Haiti-Dominican Republic: the Dominican Republic has increased security along the Haitian border to prevent unauthorized migration and smuggling including constructing a fence and deploying military troops; some disputes over border limits particularly along the Massacre River
195	Heard Island and McDonald Islands	none identified
196	Holy See	none identified
197	Honduras	Honduras-El Salvador: International Court of Justice
198	Hong Kong	the Frontier Closed Area was established in 1951 as a buffer zone between Hong Kong and mainland China to prevent illegal migration and the smuggling of goods
199	Hungary	Hungary and Slovakia have a long-running dispute over the implementation of a 1970s Soviet-era hydropower project on the Danube the Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros project
200	Iceland	in 2019 Denmark signed continental shelf delimitation agreements with Iceland and Norway to parts of the continental shelf in the Ægir Basin which is located north of the Faroe Islands
201	India	India-China: India’s relations with China have been fraught for decades; issues include disputed frontiers as well as China’s support for Pakistan India’s key rival and China’s growing influence in India’s periphery including in the Indian Ocean; in 2020 the two engaged in the worst bilateral border conflict since the Sino-Indian War of 1962; despite ongoing negotiations including nearly 20 rounds of military-to-military talks as of 2023 tensions at the disputed border known as the Line of Actual Control
202	Indian Ocean	some maritime disputes
203		Indonesia-Australia: all borders have been agreed upon bilaterally but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches
204	Iran	Iran-Afghanistan: Iran protests Afghanistan's limiting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought; Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey
205		Iraq-Iran: Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf
206	Ireland	Ireland-Denmark: Ireland Iceland and the UK dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; Iceland Norway and the Faroe Islands signed an agreement in 2019 extending the Faroe Islands’ northern continental shelf area
207	Israel	Israel-Gaza Strip: Israel withdrew its settlers and military from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the West Bank in August 2005
208		Guinea-Liberia: the border is not disputed and there is joint border management although the border is porous and there have been occasional disputes relating to military encroachments and use of the boundary rivers
209	Italy	Italy-Austria-Switzerland: borders are shifting because glacier peaks that had served as a natural boundary are melting
210	Jamaica	none identified
211	Jan Mayen	none identified
212	Japan	Japan-China-Taiwan: the Japanese-administered Senkaku Islands
213	Jersey	none identified
214	Jordan	Jordan-Iraq: the two countries signed a border agreement in 1984; Jordan has ratified the treaty but it has not been confirmed that Iraq has ratified it; as of 2010 the agreement had not been registered with the UN
215	Kazakhstan	Kazakhstan-China: in 1998 Kazakhstan and China agreed to split two disputed border areas nearly evenly; demarcation with China completed in 2002
216	Kenya	Kenya-Ethiopia: their border was demarcated in the 1950s and approved in 1970; in 2012 Kenya and Ethiopia agreed to redemarcate their boundary following disputes over beacons and cross-border crime
217	Kiribati	none identified
218	Kosovo	Kosovo-Albania: none identified
219	Kuwait	Kuwait-Iraq: no maritime boundary exists with Iraq in the Persian Gulf; Kuwait has called on Iraq to resolve the domestic legal status of the 2012 Kuwait-Iraq Agreement to regulate maritime navigation in Khor Abdullah and ensure that the agreement remains in force
220	Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyzstan-China: a 2009 treaty settled a border dispute with Kyrgyzstan receiving the Khan Tengri Peak and Kyrgyzstan ceding to China the Uzengi-Kush area
221	Laos	Laos-Burma: none identified
222		Guyana-Venezuela: Venezuela claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River and maintains that Guyana does not have jurisdiction to grant concessions in maritime areas off the Essequibo waters which are potentially rich in hydrocarbon resources; Guyana submitted the dispute to the International Court of Justice in 2018; the ICJ ruled that it had jurisdiction to hear the case in December 2020; in September 2021 Venezuelan officials issued a statement reasserting dominion over three-quarters of Guyana which Guyana stated was a threat to its sovereignty and territorial integrity; in December 2023 the Venezuelan Government conducted a public referendum asking its citizens to support establishing a state in the disputed territory granting citizenship to current and future area residents and rejecting the jurisdiction of the ICJ
223	Guernsey	none identified
224	Dominican Republic	Dominican Republic-Haiti: unauthorized migration and smuggling from impoverished and unstable Haiti has led to occasional border tensions and increased security by the Dominican Republic including the construction of a fence and the deployment of military troops
225	Fiji	Fiji-Tonga: Fiji does not recognize Tonga’s 1972 claim to the Minerva Reefs and their surrounding waters; the Minerva Reefs’ 200-mile exclusive economic zone includes valuable fishing grounds
226	East Timor	Timor-Leste-Australia: Timor-Leste and Australia reached agreement on a treaty delimiting a permanent maritime boundary in March 2018; both countries ratified the treaty in August 2019
227	Ecuador	organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia penetrate across Ecuador's shared border
228		Egypt-Gaza Strip: constructed a barrier and established a buffer zone on its border with Gaza to halt the passage of weapons and militants through cross-border smuggling tunnels and pressure the Palestinian HAMAS terrorist group that runs the Gaza Strip
229	El Salvador	El Salvador-Honduras: International Court of Justice
230	Equatorial Guinea	Equatorial Guinea-Cameroon: in 2002 ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea but a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River and imprecisely defined maritime coordinates in the ICJ decision delayed final delimitation
231	Eritrea	Eritrea-Ethiopia: both agreed to abide by 2002 Ethiopia-Eritrea Boundary Commission's
232	Estonia	Russia and Estonia in May 2005 signed a technical border agreement but Russia in June 2005 recalled its signature after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; Russia often criticizes the Estonian Government over alleged mistreatment of ethnic Russians in Estonia; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border Estonia implements strict Schengen border rules with Russia
233	Eswatini	Eswatini has stable relations with South Africa but claims large sections of South African territory based on the historic extent of Swazi control during the early 19th century; despite periodic negotiations there has been little progress in resolving the dispute
234	Ethiopia	Ethiopia-Eritrea: Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's
235	European Union	as a political union the EU has no border disputes with neighboring countries but Estonia has no land boundary agreements with Russia Slovenia disputes its land and maritime boundaries with Croatia and Spain has territorial and maritime disputes with Morocco and with the UK over Gibraltar; the EU has set up a Schengen area - consisting of 23 EU member states that have signed the convention implementing the Schengen agreements or "acquis"
236	Falkland Islands	Argentina which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982 agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks
237	Faroe Islands	because anticipated offshore hydrocarbon resources have not been realized earlier Faroese proposals for full independence have been deferred; Iceland the UK and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim to UNCLOS that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm
238	Federated States of Micronesia	none identified
239	Finland	various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the former Soviet Union but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands
240		Guatemala-Belize: demarcated but disputed boundary due to Guatemala’s claims to more than half of Belizean territory; line of Adjacency operates in lieu of an international boundary to control influx of Guatemalan squatters onto Belizean territory; smuggling narcotics trafficking and human trafficking are also problems; the dispute was referred to the ICJ in 2019 for binding resolution; the 12-nm territorial sea claims of Belize and Honduras close off Guatemalan access to Caribbean in the Bahia de Amatique; maritime boundary remains unresolved pending further negotiation
241	France	Madagascar claims the French territories of Bassas da India Europa Island Glorioso Islands and Juan de Nova Island; Comoros claims Mayotte; Mauritius claims Tromelin Island; territorial dispute between Suriname and the French overseas department of French Guiana; France asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica
242	French Polynesia	none identified
243	French Southern and Antarctic Lands	French claim to "Adelie Land" in Antarctica is not recognized by the US;
244	Gabon	dispute with Equatorial Guinea over Mbane Island and lesser islands in the Corisco Bay submitted to ICJ in 2016
245		borders with both Egypt and Israel are sealed with barriers fences and walls; Israel completed an underground anti-tunnel barrier in 2021
246	Georgia	Russia's military support and subsequent recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence in 2008 continue to sour relations with Georgia; Russia maintains military bases and troops in Abkhazia and South Ossetia
247	Germany	none identified
248	Ghana	disputed maritime border with Cote d'Ivoire was resolved in 2017 through a decision of a Special Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
249	Gibraltar	the status of Gibraltar and how to police the border with Spain has been a point of contention since the UK's 2016 vote to leave the EU; the peninsula was excluded from the exit deal reached between Britain and the EU; informal arrangements are in place while the two sides negotiate over Gibraltar which overwhelmingly backed remaining in the EU in the Brexit referendum
250	Greece	Greece and Turkey continue discussions to resolve their complex maritime air territorial and boundary disputes in the Aegean Sea; Greece has a security wall along a portion of its land border with Turkey to deter border crossings by migrants and has announced intentions to extend the wall along the entire border
251	Greenland	in 2022 Canada and Denmark signed an agreement resolving a managed dispute over uninhabited Tartupaluk/Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Canada's Ellesmere Island and Greenland
252	Grenada	none identified
253	Guam	none identified
254		Zimbabwe-Mozambique: none identified